Small bronchial mucosal edema

Introduction There are inflammatory lesions, edema of the small bronchial mucosa, common in the lungs. Pulmonary bullae are generally secondary to inflammatory lesions in the bronchioles. Such as pneumonia, emphysema and tuberculosis, the most common clinical and emphysema. Pulmonary bullae secondary to pneumonia or lung abscesses are more common in infants and young children, there are single and multiple. It is characterized by several large vesicles with multiple vesicles, and the lung parenchyma surrounding the large vesicles is often accompanied by obstructive pulmonary lesions and emphysema. Pulmonary bullae are more common at the tip of the lung and at the edge of the upper lobe of the lung. The walls are very thin, vary in size, and the number is variable. It can be expressed as a wide base or as a large bubble with a narrow neck.

Cause

Pulmonary bullae are generally secondary to inflammatory lesions of the small bronchi, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis or emphysema. Clinically, it often coexists with emphysema. Due to the occurrence of ocular lesions in the small bronchus, water and stenosis cause partial obstruction of the lumen, resulting in a valve function, so that air can enter the alveoli and is not easily removed, resulting in increased pressure in the alveoli. Inflammation causes damage to the lung tissue, and the alveolar septum gradually ruptures due to an increase in intravesicular pressure, and the alveoli fuse with each other to form a large balloon-containing cavity. If the air enters the visceral subpleural space after the alveolar rupture, a subpleural follicle is formed. There are single and multiple lung vesicles. Secondary to pneumonia or tuberculosis, often single or only a few large bubbles, no significant emphysema. Secondary emphysema is often multiple, manifested as several large bubbles with multiple vesicles, the lung parenchyma surrounding the large bubble is often accompanied by obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema.

an examination

Related inspection

Bronchial provocation test (BPT) lung diffusion function test (DL)

Small lung vesicles do not cause symptoms themselves. Patients with simple pulmonary blebs often have no symptoms. Some lung vesicles can be altered for many years, which can cause pulmonary function disorders and gradually develop symptoms. A huge lung bubble can make the patient feel chest tightness and shortness of breath. A sudden increase in rupture of the lungs can produce spontaneous pneumothorax and cause severe breathing difficulties, as well as chest pain similar to angina.

Differential diagnosis

Bronchial smooth muscle spasm: bronchial asthma is referred to as asthma, and the main pathological change is bronchial smooth muscle spasm, which is one of the common respiratory diseases in pediatrics. It is currently believed that bronchial asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease, and many cells play important roles in it, such as lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, etc., accompanied by a significant increase in non-specific airway response. Airway hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a multifactorial disease with major clinical features. Clinically, it mainly manifests as reversible wheezing and coughing episodes, chest tightness, and difficulty in breathing. These symptoms are often reversible, but they can also cause death.

Bronchospasm: A disease commonly seen in the respiratory department, mainly a disease such as bronchitis. Smoking-induced asthma is mainly determined by various harmful components such as tar, nicotine and hydrogen cyanide contained in the smoke. Nicotine and the like can act on autonomic nerves, which can stimulate the vagus nerve and cause bronchospasm. Bronchospasm, poor ventilation, manifested as difficulty breathing, asthma, hypoxia, severe suffocation and death.

Increased bronchial purulent secretion: symptoms of diseases such as bronchial pneumonia, increased bronchial purulent secretions. Bronchoscopy can be diagnosed. Mucous gland hypertrophy: airway reaction caused by bronchial inflammation, mucous gland edema hypertrophy. Small lung vesicles do not cause symptoms themselves. Patients with simple pulmonary blebs often have no symptoms. Some lung vesicles can be unchanged for many years. Some lung vesicles can gradually increase the enlargement of lung vesicles or in other parts. The emergence of new pulmonary bullae can cause impaired lung function and progressive symptoms. A huge lung bubble can make the patient feel chest tightness and shortness of breath. Sudden enlargement and rupture of large pulmonary blebs can produce spontaneous pneumothorax and cause severe dyspnea and chest pain similar to angina.

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