Small bronchospasm

Introduction Bronchospasm is commonly found in respiratory diseases, mainly diseases such as bronchitis. Smoking-induced asthma is mainly determined by various harmful components such as tar, nicotine and hydrogen cyanide contained in the smoke. Nicotine and the like can act on autonomic nerves, which can stimulate the vagus nerve and cause bronchospasm. Nicotine is an unpleasant, bitter, colorless and transparent oily liquid with strong volatility. It is easily oxidized into dark gray in the air. It can be quickly dissolved in water and alcohol. It is easily absorbed by the nose and mouth bronchial mucosa. absorb. Nicotine sticking to the surface of the skin can also be absorbed into the body.

Cause

Nicotine is an unpleasant, bitter, colorless and transparent oily liquid with strong volatility. It is easily oxidized into dark gray in the air. It can be quickly dissolved in water and alcohol. It is easily absorbed by the nose and mouth bronchial mucosa. absorb. Nicotine sticking to the surface of the skin can also be absorbed into the body.

Nicotine acts on autonomic nerves and can stimulate the vagus nerve to cause a general upper respiratory tract infection or its repeated infections leading to tracheal (bronchial) mucosal lesions, which are sensitive to external stimuli and cough. In addition to smoking, certain allergens, nerve stimulation factors are possible.

an examination

Related inspection

Bronchial provocation test (BPT) challenge test lung diffusion function test (DL)

Bronchospasm, poor ventilation, manifested as difficulty breathing, asthma, hypoxia, severe suffocation and death.

Bronchospasm symptoms need to be distinguished from the following symptoms.

(1) Influenza: acute onset, epidemiological history, in addition to respiratory symptoms, systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, viral isolation and positive complement test can be identified.

(2) Upper respiratory tract infection: nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and other symptoms are obvious, no cough, cough, no abnormal signs in the lungs.

(3) bronchial asthma: patients with acute bronchitis, such as bronchospasm, may appear asthma, should be differentiated from bronchial asthma, the latter has paroxysmal dyspnea, breathlessness, wheezing and full lung wheezing and Sit and breathe and other symptoms and signs.

Differential diagnosis

1, acute bronchiolitis: also known as diffuse thin branch inflammation, more common infants, especially children, common respiratory syncytial virus infection, pathological basis for bronchioles, inflammation, edema, clinical manifestations of cough, sputum, Asthma, the lungs are fine and wet, accompanied by symptoms of systemic poisoning and severe airway obstruction, causing difficulty in breathing and even life-threatening.

2, chronic bronchitis: more common in middle-aged smokers, manifested as cough, cough, wheezing, low fever, repeated infections, increased in winter and spring, more than 3 friends per year, repeated episodes over 2 years, repeated authors can gradually occur Obstructive pulmonary dysfunction, began to show labor dyspnea, can alleviate the above symptoms after drug treatment, but prolonged expiratory dyspnea worsened, and then the development of emphysema into pulmonary heart disease. Care should be taken to exclude chronic respiratory illnesses during diagnosis.

3, bronchial asthma: clinical manifestations of recurrent episodes with wheezing exhalation dyspnea, chest tightness, cough, sticky sputum, often in the night sounds and (or) early morning attacks, exacerbated, exhaled prolonged lungs full Wheezing, sputum and blood eosinophilia, is a chronic non-specific inflammation of the airway involving many inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, mast cells and T lymphocytes. The high reactivity of the excitation factor is an important factor. Attacks often have significant seasonality or exposure to certain sensitizing substances. Positive bronchodilation test (FEV>0.15), bronchial provocation test or exercise test positive, PEF intra-day variability or diurnal fluctuation rate >0.15 can diagnose bronchial asthma, and bronchial antispasmodic drugs or adrenocortical hormone can relieve symptoms.

4, bronchial obstruction: chronic onset can be asymptomatic, acute or large bronchial obstruction can cause difficulty breathing, cyanosis, shock and so on. Obstructions are foreign bodies, sputum, blood clots, tumors, tuberculosis, and can also be caused by external compression such as enlarged lymph nodes or other tumors. X-ray CT examination can assist in the diagnosis, manifestation of atelectasis, local emphysema, obstruction under the direct view of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and pathological examination for tumor biopsy.

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