Physical intoxication

Introduction Physical drunkenness is criminally responsible because physiological drunkenness can be controlled. It is caused by a large amount of alcohol or alcoholic beverage, causing acute central nervous system excitability or inhibition. Alcohol is directly caused by the central nervous system. The severity of symptoms is closely related to the alcohol content and metabolic rate in the blood.

Causes

(1) Causes of the disease

A state of acute central nervous system excitability or inhibition caused by a large amount of alcohol or alcoholic beverages.

(2) Pathogenesis

Alcohol is mainly absorbed in the small intestine and can be distributed in any organs and tissues of the body, most of which are cleared by liver metabolism, and a small part is excluded by lung and kidney. . The mechanism by which alcohol causes damage to the nervous system has not been fully elucidated and may be related to the following factors:

1. It is fat-soluble, can rapidly pass through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and nerve cell membrane, and acts on certain enzymes on the membrane. Classes and receptors rapidly affect the function of nerve cells.

2. Free radicals and other metabolites produced during alcohol metabolism can also cause acute damage to the nervous system.

3. Affects the metabolism of vitamin B1, affects and inhibits the absorption of vitamin B1 and storage in the liver, resulting in significantly lower levels of vitamin B1 in patients. In general, the main energy of nerve tissue is derived from sugar metabolism. In the absence of vitamin B1, due to the reduction of thiamine pyrophosphate, it can cause disorders of glucose metabolism, causing a decrease in the energy supply of nerve tissue, which in turn produces nerve tissue function and Structural anomaly. In addition, the deficiency of vitamin B1 can also cause metabolic pathways of pentose phosphate metabolism, affecting the synthesis of phospholipids, and then demyelination and axonal degeneration-like changes in peripheral and central nervous tissues.

The symptoms of alcoholism are the result of the inhibitory effects of alcohol on the brain and spinal cord. In this respect, the mode of action of alcohol on nerve cells is similar to that of systemic anesthesia. Alcohol is an inhibitor of CNS rather than a stimulant. Some early symptoms of alcoholism suggest brain excitement, such as chatter, aggressiveness, excessive activity, and increased electrical excitation in the cerebral cortex. This is because the cortex that regulates cerebral cortex activity under normal conditions. The result of inhibition of certain structures (possibly the reticular formation of the upper brainstem). Similarly, early sputum reflexes may reflect the transient loss of control of the motor neurons in the spinal cord by the advanced inhibitory center. However, as the amount of alcohol increases, inhibition extends to the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord nerve cells.

Check

Related checks

Blood analyzer check blood test

Physical drunkenness is criminally responsible because physiological drunk is It can be controlled, drunken people should be foreseen or have foreseen that they may carry out behaviors that endanger society before drinking; after drunkenness, the average person does not completely lose the ability to recognize and control. Therefore, criminal liability is generally not reduced for crimes that can be controlled by drunkenness.

Differential diagnosis

pathological drunkenness Pathological drunkenness occurs mainly in people with very low alcohol tolerance, compared with ordinary drunkenness. ; qualitative abnormality & rdquo;. Most patients have never used alcohol in the past, and they feel extremely uncomfortable with a small amount of alcohol, but they have never had a history of drunkenness.

Pathological drunkenness is an allergic reaction caused by alcohol, which often shows hyperactivity rather than sedation after a small amount of alcohol consumption. Sudden conscious disturbances, extreme excitement, assaults, and harmful behaviors are often seen, and murders are more common. The episode usually lasts for a few hours or a day, and the episode ends after a deep sleep. After waking up, the episode can not be recalled at all. Therefore, it is also called "acute alcoholic delusional state syndrome". There are also reports that it is more appropriate to call it "atypical or specific reactive alcoholism". In any case, the term pathological drunk is still widely used.

(1) Pathological drunkenness is a psychotic seizure caused by a small amount of alcohol consumption. Most people do not have a poisoning reaction when drinking this amount. The patient is extremely resistant to alcohol, excessive fatigue or long-term severe insomnia. Can promote the occurrence of pathological drunkenness.

(2) Unlike simple drunkenness, patients have no speech, euphoria, and obvious toxic neurological symptoms. The patient showed sudden environmental disturbances and self-consciousness after drinking, and was accompanied by episodes of horror and suspicion. He was highly excited and extremely nervous. The patient often suddenly had aggressive violence under the illusion and delusion. Destroy, self-injury or attack others. The state of drunkenness usually lasts for a few minutes, hours, or even a whole day. When the patient enters a doze state, the episode ends. After waking, the patient cannot recall the episode.

(3) The common types of pathological drunkenness are sputum type and sputum type.

1 The scope of consciousness is significantly narrowed and narrowed, with reduced consciousness and self-consciousness almost completely disappeared, but there are some connections between inner spiritual activities and partial perception and reaction to external stimuli. Behavioral coordination exists, such as simple chills, obstacles, etc.; more serious consciousness and orientation disorder, can be accompanied by delusions, hallucinations and other experiences, often anxiety and depression, sports excitement with irritability, no purpose The attack is incomprehensible; there is a complete forgetfulness or island memory, the pupil light reflection is slow or disappeared, and the tendon reflex is reduced or disappeared. Mild patients are shown to drink a certain amount of alcohol and repeatedly express some vulgar social behavior.

2 The patient presented with tremors, convulsions, complete internal mental activity, loss of relevance, strong and chaotic sports excitement, and complete forgetting afterwards.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.