Flexion deformity of the hip, knee, and elbow

Introduction Children with congenital nephrotic syndrome have special appearances: common appearance after birth, such as low nasal bridge, wide eye distance, low ear, wide cranial suture, wide anterior and posterior malleolus, common hip, knee and elbow Deformed to flexion. Later, abdominal distension, ascites, and umbilical hernia are common.

Cause

1. The primary includes Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, minimal lesions, and focal segmental sclerosis.

2. Secondary can be secondary to infection (congenital syphilis, congenital venomous mycoplasmosis, congenital giant cell inclusion disease, rubella, hepatitis, malaria, AIDS, etc.), mercury poisoning, infantile systemic lupus erythematosus, hemolysis Uremic syndrome, hyperthyroidism syndrome, Drash syndrome, renal vein thrombosis, etc.

an examination

Related inspection

Protein electrophoresis prone hip extension test

Diagnosis is based on family history and production history and clinical features.

In the identification, the secondary disease caused by the known cause should be excluded first. The treatment of the primary disease (such as anti-mei treatment secondary to syphilis) can relieve kidney disease. Combined with other clinical and laboratory manifestations of the primary disease of the secondary cause, more can be clearly diagnosed. Dash syndrome should be considered in infants with unexplained nephrotic syndrome with external genital abnormalities. This Drash 1970 report, manifested as renal embryonal tumor (Wilm tumor), male pseudohermaphroditism and renal involvement (can be expressed as nephrotic syndrome); some cases only have a double performance. The renal pathology is diffuse mesangial sclerosis and tubular atrophy, and the lesions in the renal cortex are more glomerular than the near medulla.

Differential diagnosis

Congenital dislocation of the hip is one of the more common congenital malformations in children. It is more common in later dislocations. It exists at birth, more women than men, about 6:1, the left side is twice as much as the right side, and the bilateral side is less. . Mainly due to congenital dysplasia or abnormality of the acetabulum, femoral head, joint capsule, ligament and nearby muscles, resulting in joint relaxation, subluxation or dislocation. In addition, the fetal position in the uterus is abnormal, the hip joint is excessively flexed, and it is easy to cause Disease, and genetic factors are also more obvious.

Congenital knee deformity is a congenital structural and functional change of the knee joint. The largest and most complex joint in the knee joint is composed of the lower end of the femur, the upper end of the humerus and the tibia in front. The main mode of exercise for a car accident is knee flexion and knee extension, and slight rotation during the semi-flexion position.

Congenital elbow fusion is a rare congenital disease, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. It is generally believed that the embryo is in the 5th week of development, and the mesoderm cartilage branch is matured from the trunk, forming the ulnar humerus. Caused by separation.

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