Iodine deficiency

Introduction Iodine is an indispensable nutrient for the human body. When the intake is insufficient, the body will have a series of obstacles. Iodine deficiency disease is caused by the lack of iodine in the natural environment and can cause various diseases. Endemic goiter, endemic cretinism, endemic subclinical cretinism, and infertility, premature birth, stillbirth, and congenital malformation that affect fertility are collectively referred to as "iodine deficiency disorders." Iodine is an essential component of thyroxine. The thyroid gland uses iodine and tyrosine to synthesize thyroid hormone. Therefore, when the iodine intake is insufficient, the body will have a series of obstacles. Due to the degree and period of iodine deficiency in the body, the severity of the obstacles in the body is also different.

Cause

The lack of iodine in food and drinking water is the root cause. The main function is to synthesize thyroxine. The lack of iodine makes thyroxine synthesis disorder, which affects growth and development.

an examination

Related inspection

Determination of Trace Elements in Human Body by Thyroid Iodine Test Serum Protein Binding Iodine

The severity of clinical manifestations depends on the extent, duration, and age of iodine deficiency. Deficiency of iodine in the fetal period can cause stillbirth, premature birth and congenital malformation. In the neonatal period, it is characterized by hypothyroidism. In children and adolescence, it causes endemic goiter, endemic hypothyroidism and simple hoarseness. Long-term use of mild iodine deficiency can lead to subclinical hypothyroidism, manifested as mild mental retardation, or mild hearing impairment, often accompanied by physical growth.

Differential diagnosis

Brain injury

Eliminate childbirth injuries, encephalitis, meningitis, and drug poisoning. Living in the iodine-deficient area of the natural environment, showing a variety of iodine intake, the body will have a series of obstacles, coupled with laboratory indicators, no birth injury, encephalitis, meningitis and drug poisoning, etc. Can be diagnosed as endemic hypothyroidism.

2. Other causes of hypothyroidism

Exclude other causes of hypothyroidism, such as:

(1) thyroid hormone production disorders: belonging to autosomal genetic diseases, patients often have a family history, goiter is diffuse, soft, and rarely develops nodular. Iodine organic dysfunction can be diagnosed by potassium perchlorate excretion test, the normal value of excretion of 10% 2h.

(2) Hormone resistance: syroid hormone resistance syndrome (SRTH) is also called thyroid hormone insensitivity syndrome (THIS), the disease is familial More common, there are a few scattered cases, accounting for about 1/3. The age of onset is mostly in children and adolescents, and the youngest is newborn, and both men and women can get sick. Clinical manifestations of T4 and T3 continued to increase, while TSH was normal, and patients had no drug, non-thyroid disease, and abnormal effects of thyroid hormone transport. The most specific manifestation is that after giving the patient a super-physiological dose of thyroid hormone, it cannot inhibit the elevated TSH to normal, and there is no response of peripheral tissues to excess thyroid hormone.

3. Slow-onset inflammation and Graves' disease: slow-onset inflammation and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid diseases, which are caused by lymphocytes secreting thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TSB receptor antibody, TRAb). TRAb stimulates thyroid follicular hyperplasia and function. Hyperthyroidism, clinical manifestations of toxic diffuse goiter, invasive eye disease and sputum mucinous edema. Elevated thyroid autoantibodies TGAb and TPOAb support the diagnosis of chronic thyroiditis.

4. Deafness: General deafness has no mental retardation, urinary iodine is not reduced, T131I is not high, and there is no other iodine deficiency.

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