Cortical amnesia

Introduction Cortical amnesia: This type of amnesia is characterized by recall, application, and learning of certain forms of cognitive difficulties. Because the memory process includes information reception, encoding-storage and decoding-retrieval. The structures most likely to participate in the formation of memory traces are the cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex. This certificate is mostly caused by genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include infection during pregnancy, birth injury, and hypoxia and infection in the brain after birth. Genetic factors include hereditary metabolic defects, chromosomal abnormalities, and dominant genes.

Cause

(1) Causes of the disease

The causes of intellectual disabilities can be divided into two categories:

1 congenital mental retardation: such as mental retardation;

2 Acquired sexually impaired disorders: such as acute brain trauma, metabolic disorders, poisoning diseases can cause temporary mental retardation, dementia is the most common acquired progressive cognitive dysfunction.

(two) pathogenesis

1. Intelligent dysplasia (oligophrenia) also known as mental retardation. This is a state in which mental development is impeded or incomplete. Mostly caused by genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include infection during pregnancy, birth injury, and hypoxia and infection in the brain after birth. Genetic factors include hereditary metabolic defects, chromosomal abnormalities, and dominant genes.

2. Memory impairment memory is a more complicated problem, because the memory process includes information reception, encoding-storage and decoding-retrieval. The structures most likely to participate in the formation of memory traces are the cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex.

an examination

Related inspection

Cerebrospinal fluid examination - chemical examination - protein examination hematology special function check blood sugar skin positioning sense solid sense

Select the necessary selective tests based on the likely cause.

1. Blood routine, blood biochemistry, and electrolyte attention have specific diagnostic changes for the primary disease.

2. Blood glucose, immune items, and cerebrospinal fluid examinations have abnormal diagnostic significance.

Hematological examination is essential for determining dementia with endocrine disease and liver and kidney failure. Hypothyroidism is a reversible cause of dementia. When the serum vitamin B12 level is measured, vitamin B12 deficiency can be found, but there can be no anemia.

Neurosyphilis is extremely rare, but it is also a reversible cause. Therefore, serological examination of syphilis must be mandatory.

The concentration of the drug in the blood can be detected for poisoning.

If clinical presentation suggests evidence of vasculitis or arthritis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and screening for connective tissue disease (eg, antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor) are required.

For any young person with dementia, consideration should be given to the determination of human immunodeficiency virus titer, and if there is a manifestation of dyskinesia, ceruloplasmin should be measured.

The following items are abnormal and have a differential diagnosis.

1. CT, MRI examination.

2. EEG is helpful in identifying Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which has the characteristics of periodic discharge.

3. Skull base film, fundus examination.

4. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) functional brain imaging may also be helpful in diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of cortical amnesia:

A. Focal amnesia caused by dominant hemispheres of the posterior frontal lobe: This type of speech disorder is a focal lexical amnesia caused by the destruction of word storage. The main feature is the difficulty of finding words, which can be attributed to aphasia. Under the forgotten project. In such focal amnesia caused by lesions in the speech area, immediate memory ability is often lower than normal.

B. Focal amnesia caused by non-dominant hemisphere frontal lesions: Non-dominant hemispheric lesions, whether extensive or localized, cause focal amnesia as acquired cognitive impairment.

C. Frontal amnesia: The patient's understanding of the situation is poor, and the barriers of the joint strategy lead to incomplete or inappropriate cognitive and recall functions. Patients with frontal lobe lesions have poor learning ability.

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