Expel stones

Introduction Kidney stones fall into the ureter, causing urinary tract obstruction and colic. Most stones less than 4mm are automatically expelled after 1 month of symptoms. Stones larger than 8mm are hardly discharged automatically. More than half of the stones larger than 6mm will not be automatically discharged.

Cause

Both normal intra-urine crystal saturation and crystal polymerization inhibitor activity are in equilibrium. Once the balance is broken due to some factors, whether the former is too saturated or the latter activity is reduced, it can cause intra-urine Crystallization causes urolith formation. In general, 38% of ureteral stones will be automatically discharged, and about half of the stones below 4mm will be automatically discharged. The average stone discharge time is about 10 days; between 4-6mm, the stone discharge rate is similar, and the average row is similar. Stone time is about 20 days; only 8% of stones above 6mm will be automatically discharged; 45% of the lower ureteral stones will be automatically discharged, 22% of the middle ureteral stones will be automatically discharged, only 12% of the upper ureteral stones can be automatically discharged .

an examination

If the urinary tract stones can be naturally discharged, they will naturally dry after filtration. The color of the stones is gray, and the color of the color is mainly mixed. The size is about 1mm. Because it is small, the barrier-free feeling is painless, but it will not become soft. Precipitate under liquid.

In addition to the patient's clinical manifestations, B-ultrasound and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) can be used to show the distribution of intrahepatic bile duct stones and the stenosis and dilatation of the hepatic bile duct. In addition, CT examination also has important diagnostic significance for intrahepatic bile duct stones. As for the stones in the urinary system, urography or X-ray examination should be performed. In addition to the patient's clinical manifestations, B-ultrasound and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) can be used to show the distribution of intrahepatic bile duct stones and the stenosis and dilatation of the hepatic bile duct. In addition, CT examination also has important diagnostic significance for intrahepatic bile duct stones. As for the stones in the urinary system, urography or X-ray examination should be performed.

Differential diagnosis

In the case of pain and hematuria, kidney stones may have sand or small stones that are excreted in the urine. When the stone passes through the urethra, there is urinary flow obstruction and tingling in the urethra. After the stone is discharged, the urine flow immediately resumes smoothly, and the patient feels relaxed and comfortable.

The symptoms of urinary stones and kidney stones are basically the same. The ureteral colic caused by the upper ureteral calculi is characterized by one side of low back pain and microscopic hematuria. The pain is mostly colic and can be radiated to the ipsilateral lower abdomen, testis or labia. Hematuria is mild, and most of them have only microscopic hematuria.

If the urinary tract stones can be naturally discharged, they will naturally dry after filtration. The color of the stones is gray, and the color of the color is mainly mixed. The size is about 1mm. Because it is small, the barrier-free feeling is painless, but it will not become soft. Precipitate under liquid.

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