Urethral stones

Introduction The vast majority of urethra stones come from stones in the bladder and kidneys. A small number of stones originating in the urethra are often secondary to urethral stricture, urethral diverticulum, urethral prostate scaphoid or external urethra. Stones can stay in the urethra or invade the urethra, scaphoid or urethra of the prostate when discharged. A small number of secondary to urethral stricture, urethral atresia, foreign body or urethral diverticulum. Stones that originate in the urethra are quite rare. Usually a single stone. Most female urethra stones occur in the urethral fistula.

Cause

Urethral calculi can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. The causes are as follows:

Primary urethral calculi

It refers to the stones that are formed in the urethra, urethral stricture, infection, retention cysts, mucosal damage, diverticulum and foreign bodies.

2. Secondary urethral stones

The stones are formed in the urinary system above the urethra and then discharged into the urethra and stay in the urethra. They stay in the urethral physiology and the proximal part of the stenosis. Therefore, the urethra stones are more common in the urethra, the ball, the penis, The scaphoid fossa and the external urethra.

an examination

Related inspection

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The main diagnostic tool for urinary calculi is the abdominal plain film. A high quality urinary tract film determines the size, shape, general location and number of stones. Excretory urography can be used to determine the location of the stone, the two kidney functions and the morphology of the kidney and kidney. Luminous stones often have retrograde renal and ureteral air angiography.

Laboratory inspection:

Urine routine examination can be seen in red blood cells, white blood cells and salt crystals, and there may be pyuria in the case of infection.

Other auxiliary inspections:

1. X-ray examination X-ray film can confirm the urethral stones and their parts, and can check the upper urinary tract with or without stones. Urethral angiography can detect negative stones, with or without urethral strictures and urethral diverticulum.

2. B Ultrasonic calculi sonogram shows a strong echogenic light group in the urethral cavity with sound and shadow.

3. Urethroscopy can directly observe calculi, urethral complications and other abnormalities.

Differential diagnosis

When urinary calculi form acute urinary tract obstruction, the clinical manifestations are more typical, and the diagnosis is not difficult. Primary urinary calculi are often confused with certain diseases, and the diseases that must be identified are:

1. Urethral stricture. The main symptoms of urethral stricture are: dysuria, fine urine flow, weakness, interruption or drip, and frequent urination, urgency, dysuria and urethral secretions. Some traumatic urethral strictures may also affect the urethral induration.

Urethral stenosis often has no history of renal colic and history of urinary sandstone, but its primary cause, such as injury inflammation or congenital iatrogenic reasons, its dysuria is not sudden, urethral exploration can be blocked in the stenosis X-ray plain film has no stone shadow, and urethrography can show the narrow segment.

2. Non-specific urethritis. Non-specific urethritis may have dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, and urethral secretions. Chronic non-specific urethritis can be complicated by urinary tract stenosis and dysuria.

Non-specific urethritis without renal colic or urinary sandstone history without acute dysuria, urethral percussion can not touch the induration, X-ray examination without stone shadow.

3. Urethral injury. Urethral injury may have bleeding outside the urethra, pain in the urethra and dysuria, urinary retention, and urethral secretions when infected.

Urethral injury generally has a clear history of injury, often accompanied by extravasation of urine, local skin swelling, subcutaneous blood stasis, trial insertion of the catheter is not easy to insert into the bladder, and a few drops of blood can be drawn from the catheter, X-ray plain film can be seen pelvic fracture and other signs No stone shadows.

4. Urethral fistula. Due to urethral sphincter spasm, there may be symptoms such as urethral pain and dysuria, often caused by factors such as local stress and other symptoms.

Urethral tract without urinary sandstone history and frequent urination, urgency and other symptoms, can not sputum and urethral induration, urethra exploration can be normal, no abnormalities by X-ray examination, symptoms can be alleviated with sedatives.

5. Foreign body in the urethra. When urinary tract obstruction caused by foreign body in the urethra, dysuria may occur, even urinary retention, foreign body stimulation or secondary infection may have frequent urination, urgency, dysuria and hematuria. However, the cause can be found, X-ray examination shows filling in the urethra, and foreign bodies are seen in the urethroscopic examination.

The main diagnostic tool for urinary calculi is the abdominal plain film. A high quality urinary tract film determines the size, shape, general location and number of stones. Excretory urography can be used to determine the location of the stone, the two kidney functions and the morphology of the kidney and kidney. Luminous stones often have retrograde renal and ureteral air angiography.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.