Meningeal thickening

Introduction Meningitis is a disease in which a delicate meninges or meninges (a membrane between the skull and the brain) are infected. The disease is usually accompanied by a bacterium or virus that infects any part of the body, such as an ear, sinus or upper respiratory tract infection. Bacterial meningitis is a particularly serious disease that requires timely treatment. If the treatment is not timely, it may die within a few hours or cause permanent brain damage. Viral meningitis is more serious but most people can recover completely, with a few legacy sequelae. Meningitis is relatively rare. In the United States, there are fewer than 3,000 cases per year, most of which are infants under two years of age. The initial symptoms are similar to colds, such as fever, headache and vomiting, followed by drowsiness and neck pain, especially when stretching forward. Children often feel pain when they have a bow back. JE will have dark red or light purple spots covering the whole body. In children, the cranial pressure caused by encephalitis causes the cardia to protrude (the soft place where the baby's head bones are not seamed). Meningitis can be transmitted in people living together, such as in a student residence. Meningitis, especially bacterial meningitis, rarely occurs. Although the outbreak has increased since 1991, it has not been clear why.

Cause

Meningeal metastases are a serious lesion that directly invades the meninges by hematogenous metastasis, disseminated by cerebrospinal fluid to the meninges or adjacent tumors. Early correct diagnosis is beneficial to its related treatment and prognosis. Hematogenous dissemination is the most common metastatic route of meningeal metastases, of which lung cancer is the most common.

an examination

Related inspection

Complement binding test cysticercosis complement binding test cysticercosis agglutination test

MR enhancement revealed metastatic nodules >3 cm in diameter and meningeal thickening >0.2 cm thick. Most of the meningeal metastases are nodular or diffuse linear thickening. Dural-arachnoid type, characterized by nodular or thickened segmental linear lesions on the surface of the brain that are close to the inner surface of the skull and along the cerebral palsy and cerebellum, without deep sulci, cerebral cistern, continuous level Can be seen.

Pia mater - arachnoid type, characterized by small nodular or thin-line lesions close to the surface of the brain, and can penetrate deep into the sulci and cerebral cistern, mainly in the pia mater, subarachnoid space, ependymal and ventricular wall, etc. The site is accompanied by an enlargement of the ventricles. According to the morphology of meningeal metastasis, it is divided into 3 subtypes.

The linear thickening type is characterized by a diffuse thickening of the meninges and a linear shape.

Nodular type, meningeal metastases are round, nodular or lumpy.

In the mixed type, the above two different shapes of lesions exist simultaneously.

Differential diagnosis

It needs to be differentiated from other meningeal lesions, such as infectious meningitis, granuloma, sarcoidosis and postoperative changes. The enhancement of leiomyoma is mainly characterized by sulci and linear or nodular enhancement of the cerebral cistern. MR enhancement revealed metastatic nodules >3 cm in diameter and meningeal thickening >0.2 cm thick. Most of the meningeal metastases are nodular or diffuse linear thickening.

Dural-arachnoid type, characterized by nodular or thickened segmental linear lesions on the surface of the brain that are close to the inner surface of the skull and along the cerebral palsy and cerebellum, without deep sulci, cerebral cistern, continuous level Can be seen.

Pia mater - arachnoid type, characterized by small nodular or thin-line lesions close to the surface of the brain, and can penetrate deep into the sulci and cerebral cistern, mainly in the pia mater, subarachnoid space, ependymal and ventricular wall, etc. The site is accompanied by an enlargement of the ventricles. According to the morphology of meningeal metastases, it is divided into three subtypes of linear thickening type: the diffuse thickening of the meninges is linear.

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