Kidney failure

Introduction Renal failure is a pathological condition in which all kinds of chronic kidney diseases develop to the late stage and some or all of the renal function is lost. Renal failure can be divided into acute renal failure and chronic renal failure. The condition of acute renal failure progresses rapidly, usually due to insufficient blood supply to the kidney (such as trauma or burns), impaired function of the kidney due to some factors, or poison. The injury causes the production of acute kidney failure. The main cause of chronic renal failure is long-term renal disease. As time and disease progress, the function of the kidney gradually declines, causing renal failure.

Cause

Acute renal failure

It is usually caused by insufficient blood supply to the kidneys (such as scratches or burns), impaired function of the kidney due to some factors, or damage caused by poisons, causing acute renal failure.

2. Chronic renal failure

Because of long-term kidney disease, as time and disease progress, the function of the kidney gradually declines, causing kidney failure.

an examination

Related inspection

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Blood routine examination

Obvious anemia, normal cell anemia, normal or increased white blood cell count. Decreased platelets and accelerated cell sedimentation rate.

2. Urine routine examination

It varies with the primary disease. The commonalities are:

1Urine osmotic pressure reduction: more than 450mosm per kilogram, the weight is low, mostly below 1.018, when it is severely fixed between 1.010~1.012, when the urine concentration dilution test is greater than the daily urine volume, the urine specific gravity Both exceeded 1.020, and the highest and lowest urine specific gravity difference was less than 0.008.

2 urine output reduction: more than 1000ml per day.

3 urinary protein quantitative increase: in the late stage due to the majority of glomerular damage, urine protein decreased.

4 urine sediment examination: how many different red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells and granular tube type, wax-like tube type is the most meaningful.

4. Blood biochemical examination

Plasma albumin is reduced, blood calcium is low, blood phosphorus is increased, blood potassium and blood sodium are determined by the condition.

5. Other inspections

X-ray urinary tract plain film and angiography, isotope kidney map, kidney scan, renal biopsy, etc., are helpful for the diagnosis of the cause.

Differential diagnosis

Acute and chronic renal failure should be identified.

The causes of acute renal failure are complicated, and it is a clinical syndrome caused by various factors. There is no perfect classification method for the etiology classification. According to the habit, it is divided into prerenal, renal and post-renal acute renal failure.

Chronic renal failure, referred to as chronic renal failure, is reduced due to destruction of the nephron, resulting in severe impairment of renal excretory regulation and endocrine and metabolic functions, resulting in a series of symptoms, signs and complications of water and electrolytes, acid-base balance disorders.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.