Hard-to-heal white flakes in the mouth

Introduction White flakes like milk clots sometimes appear on the mucus or tongue of the baby's mouth and are not easily removed. This is caused by a mold (Candida albicans) infection of the oral mucosa, medically known as thrush, refractory thrush means that the disease is protracted. Candida albicans is a yeast-like bacterium, oval in shape, positive for Gram stain, not heat-resistant, and is similar to the pH of 4-6. It can ferment glucose and maltose to produce acid and gas, ferment sucrose to produce acid, and does not ferment lactose.

Cause

Candida albicans infection. Candida albicans is a yeast-like bacterium, oval in shape, positive for Gram stain, not heat-resistant, and is similar to the pH of 4-6. It can ferment glucose and maltose to produce acid and gas, ferment sucrose to produce acid, and does not ferment lactose. Candida albicans consists of intact cell walls, cell membranes, cytoplasm and nucleus. The relationship between its cell wall and its pathogenicity is relatively close. The cell wall is mainly composed of polysaccharides such as -mannan and -glucan. The outer layer of protein and mannan form a complex to form a network on the surface, which contributes to the expression of surface antigen and is related to adhesion.

an examination

Related inspection

Oral endoscopic oral X-ray examination

1. The oral mucosa has a milky white high-level scalp film, and there is no inflammatory reaction around it. It is like a milk block without pain. After wiping off the plaque, the area of the red wound surface film that does not bleed underneath can be seen. It can appear in the tongue and cheeks. Or on the mucous membrane of the lips.

2. It occurs in the mucous membranes of the buccal tongue, soft palate and lips. White plaques are not easily wiped off with cotton swabs or wet gauze;

3. When the infection is mild, unless the mouth is carefully examined, it is not easy to find, and there is no obvious pain or only a painful expression when eating. In severe cases, the baby will be restless due to pain, poor appetite, crying, difficulty in breastfeeding, and sometimes mild fever.

4. The damaged mucous membrane treatment can be spread to the pharynx, tonsils, gums and other more serious cases. The lesions can spread to the esophagus and bronchus, causing respiratory and dysphagia in candidiasis esophagitis or pulmonary candidiasis. A small number of chronic mucosal cutaneous candidiasis can affect lifelong immune function. Even other bacterial infections can occur, causing sepsis.

Differential diagnosis

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between thrush and coagulated milk that remains in the mouth after the baby has spit. After the baby has spit, the milk is left on the tongue, which is similar to thrush, but it can be removed by warm water or a cotton swab to remove the solidified white milk. Thrush is not easy to wipe off the white debris. If it is wiped off, the mucous membrane below it will be flushed, rough and sometimes bleeding.

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