PMS

Introduction Some women will have a series of abnormal signs before each time they come to menstruation, including obvious physical, psychological and behavioral changes. This change begins in the first 1-2 weeks before menstruation, and is aggravated 2 to 3 days before menstruation. After menstruation, the symptoms suddenly disappear or disappear naturally. Each time the menstrual cycle is like this, lasting at least half a year, called premenstrual syndrome.

Cause

The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood. Although PMS is associated with the luteal phase, the level of sex hormone measurement is within normal levels. Premenstrual syndrome has a more prevalent tendency in the twin sister population, suggesting that it may be associated with certain genetic components. Current thinking speculation may be that the interaction of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system with sex hormones is affected. It is also thought to be involved in serotonin (a neurotransmitter) activity in the brain.

Genetic factors also seem to play a role, because identical twin sisters are twice as likely to suffer from allogeneic diseases as fraternal twin sisters. Preliminary studies have shown that nearly 40% of women with premenstrual syndrome have a significant decrease in circulating plasma -endorphin levels. Beta-endorphin is a self-produced morphine-like neurotransmitter that has affinity for the same receptor that binds morphine and other sedatives. Some researchers have noticed PMS and morphine withdrawal syndrome.

Multiple evolutionary principles of PMS have been proposed, including: it is a collateral phenomenon caused by a naturally increasing selection advantage at other stages of the hormonal cycle; it leads to enhancement of male sexual desire in the early stages of reproduction; Male who refuses infertility (he caused premenstrual syndrome because he could not make a woman pregnant). ...the relationship between a sterile male and a fertile female has a tendency to separate, thus providing a possibility for the formation of a new partnership. The stronger the hostility of women before menstruation, the breeding mating occurs one after another. The faster the time. Any theory must explain the reason why the PMS is long-lasting over the enriched evolutionary process, because it seems to suffer from it.

an examination

Related inspection

Gynecological ultrasound examination

There are more than 150 kinds of symptoms related to PMS, but each patient does not have all the symptoms. Each person has its own prominent symptoms. The severity is also different from time to time. It is not fixed, but the symptoms appear and disappear with the same menstruation. The relationship is basically fixed and is the characteristic of this disease. Fertility and maternity are not associated with PMS. The duration of the disease varies, and the symptoms are severe. The patients need to be treated for a long period of time. About 40% of patients have a disease duration of 1 to 5 years. 10% can last for more than 10 years.

Typical symptoms often start 1 week before menstruation, gradually worsening, until the last 2 to 3 days before menstruation is the most serious, and suddenly disappear after menstruation. Some patients have a longer time to resolve the symptoms and gradually reduce it. It lasts until 3 to 4 days after the start of menstruation.

The disease is more common in women aged 25 to 45 years, mainly characterized by periodic irritability, depression and fatigue, accompanied by abdominal fullness, swelling of the limbs, and tenderness of the breast. The main symptoms are summarized in three aspects:

1 physical symptoms: manifested as headache, breast pain, abdominal fullness, limb edema, weight gain, motor coordination function decreased;

2 psychiatric symptoms: irritability, anxiety, depression, emotional instability, fatigue, and changes in diet, sleep, and libido;

3 behavior change: lack of concentration, low efficiency, accidents, prone to criminal behavior or suicidal intentions.

Differential diagnosis

Premenstrual edema: Premenstrual edema is a manifestation of endocrine disorders. About 25% of women of childbearing age can appear in the first 10-14 days before menstruation, especially among young women aged 20-30.

Premenstrual knee pain: In the premenstrual period, the hormone level in women changes significantly. If the secretion of estrogen and aldosterone is not coordinated, water and salt can be retained in the body tissues. There is a triangular gap in the human knee joint, which is filled with fat tissue, that is, the fat pad under the armpit. The retention of water and salt makes the fat pad easily swell and compress the nerve endings, causing pain. There are more than 150 kinds of symptoms related to PMS, but each patient does not have all the symptoms. Each person has its own prominent symptoms. The severity is also different from time to time. It is not fixed, but the symptoms appear and disappear with the same menstruation. The relationship is basically fixed and is the characteristic of this disease. Fertility and maternity are not associated with PMS. The duration of the disease varies, and the symptoms are severe. The patients need to be treated for a long period of time. About 40% of patients have a disease duration of 1 to 5 years. 10% can last for more than 10 years.

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