Diaphragmatic defect

Introduction , the flattened latissimus which is a dome-shaped bulge, located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, becomes the base of the chest and the top of the abdomen. Incomplete or missing diaphragm is common in the posterior iliac muscle. It is more common in older individuals, accounting for approximately 56% of patients aged 70-80 years. This seems to be unrelated to skeletal muscle status or obesity, but diaphragmatic defects are closely related to emphysema. There are three types of diaphragmatic defects: one is characterized by a limited thickness reduction, but the continuity of the diaphragm is maintained. Type 2 is characterized by separation of muscle fiber bundles in a parallel layer. The third type is characterized by the absence of diaphragm and the loss of continuity of the diaphragm. The exfoliation of intra-abdominal fat is characteristic of a type III defect.

Cause

It is more common in elderly individuals, accounting for about 56% of patients aged 70-80 years. This seems to be unrelated to skeletal muscle status or obesity, but diaphragmatic defects are closely related to emphysema.

an examination

Related inspection

Abdominal plain film abdominal CT chest radiograph chest CT examination

Three types of clinical manifestations of diaphragmatic defects:

One type exhibits a limited thickness reduction, but maintains the continuity of the diaphragm.

Type 2 is characterized by separation of muscle fiber bundles in a parallel layer.

The third type is characterized by the absence of diaphragm and the loss of continuity of the diaphragm.

The exfoliation of intra-abdominal fat is characteristic of a type III defect.

Differential diagnosis

Need to be identified with the following symptoms:

Mediastinal lesions: mediastinal diseases include mediastinal tumors (benign and malignant), cysts, acute and chronic mediastinal inflammation, mediastinal hernia, mediastinal emphysema, etc. The chest cavity of the human body is divided into two pleural cavities, and the middle part of the pleural cavity on both sides is called the mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the heart, large blood vessels in the chest, trachea, esophagus, nerves and lymphoid tissues. The mediastinum can be divided into several regions, from the sternal angle (ie, the intersection of the sternum stem and the sternum body, which can be touched on the body surface to show a distinct transverse sac), and the horizontal line is drawn backward to the lower edge of the fourth thoracic vertebral body. Above the line is called the upper mediastinum, and the line is called the lower mediastinum. The upper mediastinum is bounded by the trachea, the front is the anterior superior mediastinum, and the posterior is the posterior superior mediastinum. The lower mediastinum is divided into three parts: the front, the middle and the back. The front of the pericardium is the anterior mediastinum. The pericardium is called the mediastinum. The posterior mediastinum is called between the pericardium and the spine.

Yokohama low-level: Yokohama low-level is the imaging of lung x-ray diagnosis of emphysema and tracheal foreign body.

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