Bladder grape sarcoma

Introduction to bladder grape sarcoma Grape sarcoma, also known as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), is a malignant tumor composed of skeletal muscle cells of different stages of differentiation, occurring in the head and neck, followed by the bladder. Rhabdomyosarcoma, which originates from the genitourinary system, accounts for 20% to 25%. It mainly affects the prostate, bladder, vagina, testis, and epididymis. It is easy to spread. Common metastases include lung, bone, bone marrow and lymph nodes. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: neurofibromatosis basal cell tumor

Bladder sarcoma of the bladder

(1) Causes of the disease

The cause is not known and may be related to certain genetic factors.

(two) pathogenesis

According to the tissue structure of the tumor, cell morphology and molecular level are often divided into 3 types:

1 embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (embryonal RMS), the most common, accounting for about 50%, mostly occurred in infants and young children within 3 years of age, in general, the tumor boundary is unclear, grayish white, soft, and the formation of RMS under the bladder mucosa Polypoid mass, like a bunch of grapes, also known as grape sarcoma, can be seen under different developmental stages of rhabdomyoblasts, a large number of cytoplasmic red stained banded myoblasts can be seen, visible horizontal stripes, molecular level There is often a loss of heterozygosity in the 11p15 region.

2 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (alveolar RMS), relatively rare, accounting for 30%, often occurs in the peak of 3 years old and 15 years old, its response to chemotherapy is poor, the microscope is mainly naive rhabdomyoblasts, tumor The cells are round and oval, and the tumor cells are often divided into nests and alveolar cells by irregular fibers. There are often chromosome translocations at the molecular level, t(2;13)(q35;q14) and t(1). ;13)(p36;q14),

3 polymorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (pleomorphic RMS), rare, mostly occurs in adults, males slightly, microscopically visible striate muscle pleomorphism is very obvious, mitotic figures are more common, mainly affected by limbs, poor prognosis.

Bladder sarcoma prevention

Early detection, early treatment.

Bladder sarcoma complication Complications neurofibromatosis basal cell tumor

Some cases have multiple neurofibromatosis, basal cell tumor, lung adenoma, neurolipoma.

Bladder sarcoma symptoms Common symptoms Urinary frequency dysuria dysuria and urinary retention hematuria

1. Hematuria and dysuria This is the main manifestation, often accompanied by dysuria, frequent urination, and progress to urinary retention in the short term.

2. Physical examination can cause sputum and mass on the pubic bone, and anemia and hydronephrosis occur in the late stage.

Examination of bladder grape sarcoma

Urine routine: visible hematuria or microscopic hematuria.

1. The most common site of cystoscopy is the trigone of the bladder. The tumor can be polypoid, the appearance is rich in mucus, often occurs in multiple foci, and a cluster of grape-like translucent projections into the bladder cavity. The tumor can fill the entire bladder cavity. Also known as grape cluster sarcoma.

2. B-ultrasound, CT, MRI examination can identify bladder occupying lesions, and is conducive to the clinical stage of the tumor, B-ultrasound often shows intravesical tumor as mixed echo zone; CT shows mixed-density cluster-like mass, typically a string Grape-like.

Diagnosis and differentiation of bladder grape sarcoma

diagnosis

Children with hematuria and lower abdominal mass, combined with cystoscopy, CT, B-ultrasound, etc., the diagnosis is not difficult, clinically difficult to distinguish from other sarcoma, in this case, pathological examination is required.

Differential diagnosis

1. Rhabdomyosarcoma in other parts of the pelvic cavity such as prostate, spermatic cord, testis, uterus, vagina, pelvic muscle and other rhabdomyosarcomas can invade the bladder. The diagnosis of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma can be determined according to the primary lesion located in the bladder.

2. Bladder leiomyosarcoma is also a malignant tumor that occurs in non-epithelial tissue. Young patients are mostly leiomyosarcoma, and children are mostly rhabdomyosarcoma. The two are mainly based on pathological examination.

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