Strong acid and alkali poisoning

Introduction to strong acid and strong alkali poisoning Strong acid and strong alkali are all corrosive agents, which can cause serious esophageal chemical burns after being mistreated. Common strong acids are sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. Commonly used strong bases are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and less corrosive sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pulmonary edema

Causes of strong acid and strong alkali poisoning

1, strong acidosis

By mistake, oral inhalation of acid mist, skin contact and causing corrosive burns, because most people do not know much about it, often did not deal with the first time after the poisoning occurred, causing some adverse consequences.

2, strong alkali poisoning

Strong alkali poisoning is mostly caused by direct splashing on the skin, mucous membranes, eye irritation and strong corrosion, burns, accidental poisoning, strong alkalis from the skin or digestive tract into the human body, distributed through the blood circulation throughout the body, part It is neutralized and detoxified, and alkalosis can occur in excessive absorption. Most of it is excreted from the kidney. The strong base is more corrosive, absorbs tissue water quickly, dissolves tissue protein, saponifies fat, damages cell membrane structure, and forms necrosis. Deep and not easy to heal ulcers.

Strong acid, strong alkali poisoning prevention

1. Reform and improve the production process to reduce the phenomenon of running, leaking and taking off of corrosive agents.

2. Strengthen publicity, abide by operating procedures, and strengthen personal protection.

3. In the event of an accident, rinse thoroughly.

Strong acid, strong alkali poisoning complications Complications pulmonary edema

1, strong acidosis

Inhalation of acid mist, cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and even pulmonary edema and throat paralysis, more rapid, and can reflexively inhibit the respiratory center, so-called "lightning poisoning", severe cases can be rapid Death due to dyspnea and asphyxia, skin contact can cause congestion, edema, necrosis, ulceration, pain, and skin with caps of different colors, sulfuric acid is brownish black, hydrochloric acid is brown, nitric acid is white, eye After contact, it causes eyelid edema, eyeball inflammation, corneal opacity, and even total ophthalmia and blindness.

2, strong alkali poisoning

Symptoms of inhalation poisoning mainly include severe cough, difficulty breathing, edema of the throat, pulmonary edema, and even suffocation.

Symptoms of strong acid and strong alkali poisoning Common symptoms Abdominal pain Shock stun Blood pressure drop Diarrhea drooling pyloric stenosis Renal damage Thrilling throat

1, strong acidosis

After swallowing strong acid, blistering, ulceration and burning pain occur in the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract, and there are symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea. The vomit is sour and contains blood and mucous fragments. Laryngeal fistula or edema, can cause hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, suffocation, etc., severe cases can occur shock and gastric perforation, after oral absorption of a large amount of strong acid, often severe acidosis, dyspnea, convulsions, coma, etc., some patients have Liver, kidney damage, and even liver necrosis, uremia, nitric acid poisoning in addition to the above symptoms, can also lead to methemoglobinemia, and blood pressure drop and myocardial damage; children due to misuse of oxalic acid and oxalate poisoning, Causes hypocalcemia and hand and foot spasm. If the renal tubule is blocked by crystals such as calcium oxalate, it can cause urinary closure. After acidosis, most of the esophagus and pyloric stenosis occur when recovery.

Inhalation poisoning mainly manifests as respiratory irritation symptoms, such as cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, bruising, coughing and hemorrhagic foam, while blood pressure drops, body temperature rises, and even throat and suffocation die.

Skin contact can cause local burns, pain, redness, necrosis and ulcers, etc., and large-area exposure can have systemic symptoms.

2, strong alkali poisoning

After taking it, it causes oral, pharyngeal, esophageal and stomach burning pain, abdominal cramps, runny nose; vomiting blood content of the stomach is strong alkaline; discharge of bloody mucus feces, mouth, throat visible erosion of the wound, first white , then turned red or brown, severe cases of laryngeal edema, asphyxia, pulmonary edema, shock, esophageal and gastric perforation, can cause digestive tract stenosis in the later stage, when the solid alkali is ingested, the mouth can be no obvious damage, and the esophagus and stomach corrosion Very heavy, after the absorption of poison, alkalosis occurs, sick children have severe headache, low-calcium hand, foot and ankle, coma, etc. Others may have liver, kidney and other internal organs damage, occasionally acute renal failure, the main symptoms of inhalation poisoning symptoms For severe cough, difficulty breathing, edema of the throat, pulmonary edema, and even suffocation, the contact is mainly local redness, blisters, erosion, ulcers and so on.

Inspection of strong acid and alkali poisoning

1, strong acidosis

Severe acidosis, methemoglobinemia, and decreased blood pressure, elevated body temperature and myocardial damage.

2, strong alkali poisoning

Contact, inhalation, misuse of a history of strong alkali, typical local corrosion, clinical manifestations of systemic poisoning.

Diagnosis and identification of strong acid and strong alkali poisoning

Strong acidosis is inhaled, such as inhalation of acid mist, cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and even pulmonary edema and throat paralysis.

Symptoms of strong alkalosis are mainly severe cough, difficulty breathing, edema of the throat, pulmonary edema, and even suffocation.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.