Oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injuries

Introduction to oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury Oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injuries can occur alone or simultaneously with jaw and facial bone fractures. The clinical symptoms and treatment methods of various types of injuries are also characterized. According to the injury and injury, it can be divided into abrasion, contusion, cutting injury, stab wound, contusion, laceration, bite and firearm injury. The examination of the disease is mainly oral endoscopy; the physician can further discover the patient's oral lesions with the aid of clear and intuitive images, and the various treatment measures taken in time. Abnormal results: abnormal signs caused by diseases, such as redness of the oral mucosa Blisters, ulcers or spots, etc., need to check the crowd: the wounds of the stab wound are small and the wounds are deep, mostly blind tube injuries. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious complication:

Causes of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury

Caused by external violence, injuries and injuries can be divided into abrasions, contusions, cuts, stab wounds, contusions, lacerations, bites and firearm injuries.

Oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury prevention

Try to prevent accidental damage from happening. Paying attention to production and life safety is the key to preventing this disease.

Complications of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury Complication

There are many sinus in the maxillofacial region, and there are a certain number of bacteria in the sinus. For example, the wound is connected with these sinuses, which may cause infection.

Oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury symptoms Common symptoms Skin abrasions Lymphatic rupture tissue fluid exudation shock

(a) abrasions (abrasion wounds )

The abrasion is the damage of the skin surface which is rubbed by the rough object. The most common is the skin of the palm, elbow, knee and calf. After the abrasion, the epidermis is damaged, the wound surface is pale, and there are many small bleeding points and tissue fluid. Exudation, because the dermis is rich in nerve endings, it is often very painful after injury, but the epidermal cells have strong regenerative ability. If the wound is not infected, it will heal quickly and leave no scar.

(2) Contusion wounds

Contusion is the injury of subcutaneous and deep tissues without open wounds. The small blood vessels and lymphatic vessels of the wound are ruptured. There are often hemorrhages in the tissues, which form plaques and even hematomas. The main features are local skin changes, swelling and pain, and contusion. Treatment is mainly to stop bleeding, relieve pain, prevent infection, promote hematoma absorption and recovery function, early use of cold compress and pressure bandage to stop bleeding, such as hematoma is large, under sterile conditions, with a thick needle to extract the blood, and then pressure bandage, After 1 to 2 days of hematoma formation, hot compress, physiotherapy or external application of traditional Chinese medicine can be used to promote hematoma absorption and dissipation. If the hematoma is infected, it should be cut open, remove pus and blood clots, establish drainage, and apply antibiotics to control infection. .

(3) incised and puncture wounds

These damaged skin and soft tissues have cracks. The wounds of the stab wounds are small and the wounds are deep. Most of them are blind tube wounds. The piercings can bring sand and bacteria to the deep part of the wound. The cutting edge is neat and wounded. When there is a large blood vessel, a large amount of bleeding can occur. For example, if the facial nerve is cut, the facial paralysis, thorn, and cut injury should be treated by early surgical treatment, that is, debridement.

(4) tearing or tearing wounds (lacerated wounds )

To tear or tear the tissue for a large mechanical force, such as long hair strands being caught in the machine, the large scalp can be abraded, and even the entire scalp can be avulsed together with the auricle, eyebrows and upper eyelids. , avulsion injury, heavy bleeding, severe pain, prone to shock, its wound edge is not neat, subcutaneous tissue and muscle have contusion, often bone surface exposed, laceration should be debridement, reset suture, If the avulsion injury is feasible, the vascular anastomosis should be replanted; if there is no blood vessel for anastomosis, the avulsed skin can be cut into full thickness or medium after debridement within 6 hours after the injury. Thick layer of skin for replantation, such as avulsed tissue flap damage is too heavy, more than 6 hours after injury, tissue can not be used, after debridement, cut healthy tissue skin graft to eliminate the wound.

Examination of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injuries

Visual inspection, combined with medical history can be diagnosed. Oral endoscopy; physicians can further discover the patient's oral lesions with the aid of clear and intuitive images, and take various treatment measures in a timely manner. Abnormal results: abnormal signs caused by diseases, such as redness and swelling of the oral mucosa, blisters, ulceration Or spots, etc., need to check the crowd: the wound is small and the wound is deep, mostly blind tube injury.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury

diagnosis

Detailed medical history and anatomical features are not difficult to make a correct diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis

Oral Candidiasis: It is an oral mucosal disease caused by a fungus, a Candida infection. In recent years, due to the widespread clinical application of antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents, dysbacteriosis or decreased immunity has occurred, and viscera, skin, and mucous membranes have been infected by fungi.

Oral lichen planus: an inflammatory disease affecting the surface of the skin and mucous membranes, presumably caused by damage to epithelial basal cells mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes, clinical and histopathological findings are very similar to graft versus host response .

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