Oral herpes simplex

Introduction to oral herpes simplex Herpes simplex is a skin and mucous membrane disease caused by herpes simplex virus. Oral simple herpes is more common in infants and young children. After high fever and sore throat, clusters of small blisters or ulcers on the oral mucosa or large ulcers formed after fusion can be self-healing in about 7 to 14 days. Cold sores are more common in adults. At the time of onset, blister fluid may be taken for virus inoculation, or a blister-based smear may be taken, or a blood anti-herpes simplex virus antibody titer may be confirmed to confirm the diagnosis. The main causes of the disease are: viral infection and low immunity. Viral infection: The pathogenic microorganism causing oral and perioral skin infection is herpes simplex virus type I. Human is the natural host of the virus. When the herpesvirus contacts the host susceptible cells, the virus particles enter the cell and the nucleus, and its core nucleic acid. Synthesize proteins and amino acids in the nucleus, and use the host cell cytosine and enzymes to re-copy the virus particles; then through the cytoplasm, the cell membrane spreads around, causing an acute attack called primary herpes simplex; low immunity: more in the original hairstyle When herpes is infected, when the body's resistance is reduced, it is more common in adults. It is characterized by a burning sensation, swelling, itching at the junction of the red lips and the skin, followed by erythema blistering, which is a miliary size. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: respiratory transmission Complications: oral ulcers thrush

Oral herpes simplex

Viral infection (65%):

The pathogenic microorganism causing oral and perioral skin infection is herpes simplex virus type I. The human is the natural host of the virus. When the herpesvirus contacts the host susceptible cells, the virus particles enter the cell and the nucleus, and the core nucleic acid is in the nucleus. Synthesize proteins and amino acids, and use host cytosine and enzymes to re-copy viral particles; then through the cytoplasm, the cell membrane spreads around, causing an acute attack called primary herpes simplex; if the body forms antibodies after exposure to the virus, However, the amount is insufficient. When the body's resistance is reduced, such as a cold, excessive fatigue, digestive dysfunction or local mechanical stimulation, the virus that is latent in the cell is active, multiplies, and causes recurrence, called recurrent herpes simplex.

Reduced immunity (30%):

More often occurs when the body's resistance is reduced after the original herpes infection, which is more common in adults. It is characterized by a burning sensation, swelling, itching at the junction of the red lips and the skin, followed by erythema blistering, a large number of miliary samples. The size is often clustered. The initial blister fluid is slightly yellow and transparent. Afterwards, the blister is enlarged and enlarged, and the blister fluid becomes turbid. After the blister ruptures, the sputum is dried and the sputum is yellow, and the sputum peels off without leaving scars, but it can be temporary. Pigmentation, if the blister is secondary to infection, it forms pustules, the pain is intensified, and the disease is self-limiting and can heal itself.

Oral herpes simplex prevention

Disease prevention: Primary herpes simplex infections are caused by exposure to herpes simplex. Patients with active herpes simplex virus infection and asymptomatic detoxification have a virus present in their saliva and feces. Therefore, patients with this disease should avoid contact with other children and infants. The occurrence of recurrent herpes simplex infection is caused by the activation of the latent herpes simplex virus in the body. There is no ideal method for preventing recurrence, and the stimulating factors that induce recurrence should be eliminated.

Oral herpes simplex complications Complications, oral ulcers, thrush

Clusters of vesicles appear in the oral mucosa of each part. After blister rupture, large areas of erosion, superficial ulcers, and infection can be formed.

Oral herpes simplex symptoms common symptoms sore throat edema herpes pustular stomatitis severe pain congestion hyperthermia secondary infection redness

Blister stomatitis

The disease is mostly initial, also known as the original herpetic stomatitis. More common in infants or children, the most likely to occur 2 to 3 years old. After herpes simplex enters the human body, there is an incubation period of about 10 days. The child has symptoms such as restlessness, fever, headache, sore throat, crying and refusing to eat. After 2 to 3 days, the body temperature gradually decreases, and lesions can occur in any part of the oral mucosa, such as the lips, cheeks, tongue, and keratinized hard palate, gums and back of the tongue. At the beginning of the mucosa congestion, redness, edema, and a large number of clusters, needle size, thin wall transparent small blisters, diameter of about 1 ~ 2mm, round or oval, surrounded by a narrow blush. The blister quickly ruptures, leaving a superficial ulcer, which can fuse into a larger ulcer, covering the yellow-white pseudomembrane, and the surrounding congestion is red. At this time, saliva increased significantly, severe pain, local lymphadenopathy, tenderness. The disease is self-limiting, and the course of disease is about 7 to 14 days.

2. Cold sore

Common in adults, mostly occurs when the body resistance is reduced after the original herpes infection. It is characterized by a burning sensation, swelling, itching at the junction of the red lips and the skin, followed by erythema blistering, a large number, a miliary size, often clustered. The initial blister fluid is slightly yellow and transparent. Afterwards, the blister is enlarged and enlarged, and the blister fluid becomes turbid. After the blister ruptures, the phlegm is phlegm and the sputum is left without leaving scars, but temporary pigmentation can be left. If the blister is infected, it forms pustules and the pain is aggravated. The disease also has self-limiting and can heal itself.

Oral herpes simplex examination

First, morphological examination

Smear to find inclusion bodies; electron microscopy for virus particles.

Second, immunological examination

Antigen detection: detection with monoclonal antibodies of various antigens.

Antibody detection: Whether the antibody titer is increased.

Third, the virus separation

Epidermal cells undergo balloon-like degeneration, reticular degeneration and coagulation necrosis, and basophilic inclusion bodies can be seen in the nucleus, and later become eosinophilic inclusion bodies, mild edema of dermal papilla and inflammatory cell infiltration. There is also vasculitis when the reaction is heavy.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of oral herpes simplex

diagnosis

According to the following characteristics, it is not difficult to make a diagnosis:

1. Herpetic stomatitis: more common in infants and young children, after high fever, sore throat, clusters of small blisters or ulcers formed on the oral mucosa or large ulcers formed after fusion, about 7 to 14 days can be self-healing.

2. Cold sore: more common in adults. The predilection site is on the mucous membrane of the lip and the adjacent skin. There are clusters of blister, itching, crusting after rupture, self-limiting and recurrence.

At the time of onset, blister fluid may be taken for virus inoculation, or a blister-based smear may be taken, or a blood anti-herpes simplex virus antibody titer may be confirmed to confirm the diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis

Herpetic stomatitis should be differentiated from herpetic stomatitis.

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