Urine sugar (GLU)

Normal people may have trace amounts of glucose in the urine, and the urine output is <2.8mmol/24h and is negative by ordinary qualitative methods. The urine positive for the qualitative test of sugar is called diabetes. It is generally referred to as glucosuria, occasionally lactose, pentose, galactose and the like. The reason and mechanism of urine sugar formation is that when the blood glucose concentration is greater than 8.8mmol/L, the amount of glucose filtered by the glomerulus exceeds the renal tubular reabsorption of renal strength, and diabetes can occur. Whether or not glucose is present in the urine depends on three factors: the glucose concentration in the arterial blood 2 the amount of plasma flowing through the glomerulus per second; 3 the energy of the proximal tubular epithelial cells reabsorbing glucose and the renal sugar threshold. Renal sugar threshold can change with changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal tubular glucose reabsorption rate. When the glomerular filtration rate is low, the "renal sugar threshold" can be increased, while the renal tubular reabsorption is reduced. Can cause a decrease in the renal sugar threshold. Glucose and urine can be caused by excessive blood glucose concentration, which is caused by a decrease in renal tubular reabsorption capacity, and the latter can be normal. At present, the qualitative screening test of urine sugar mostly adopts the glucose oxidase test strip method. This method is specific to the platform, sensitive to the main artemisia, simple, rapid, and can be used in the urine chemical analyzer. 2 The previous Banzi urine sugar qualitative test was a specific test for the determination of glucose. Other sugars (such as sugar, lactose, pentose, etc.) and other reducing substances such as creatinine, uric acid, vitamin C, etc. can also be positive in the urine, and now it is not used. 3 Thin layer chromatography is an experimental method for identifying and ensuring the specific sensitivity of urine sugar species, but the operation is complicated and is only applied when necessary. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: urine / kidney function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: (1) Glucose increased in blood sugar. (2) normal blood sugar, diabetic urine, renal glycosuria, normal blood sugar, due to the low reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule. Among them, the congenital person is familial renal glucosuria, which is found in Fanconi syndrome. The patient has diabetes and fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test. The neonatal diabetes is not perfect because of renal tubular function. Acquired renal glucosuria can be acquired. Found in chronic nephritis and nephrotic syndrome. In late pregnancy and lactating women, the presence of diabetes can be associated with increased glomerular filtration rate. (3) Other sugars in the urine In addition to glucose, lactose, galactose, fructose, pentose, etc. may be present in addition to the different types of eating, which may be related to genetic metabolic disorders. Tips: Try to use fresh morning urine when doing this check. The urine that is randomly selected is preferably mid-stage urine. Menstrual women are not suitable for this examination. Normal value Normal people may have trace amounts of glucose in the urine, and the urine output is <2.8mmol/24h and is negative by ordinary qualitative methods. [Reference] Qualitative negative (-) Quantitative <2.8 mmol / 24 h (<0.5 g / 24h). The concentration is 0.1-0.8 mmol/L (1-15 mg/dl). Clinical significance 1, blood sugar increased diabetes (1) Dietary diabetes is caused by a short intake of large amounts of sugar (>200g). The diagnosis must check the urine in the morning on an empty stomach. (2) persistent diabetes is persistently positive in the fasting urine in the morning, which is common in diabetes caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. At this time, the fasting blood glucose level often exceeds the renal threshold, and the sugar in the 24h urine is nearly 100g or more. The total amount of urine in the day is parallel to the severity of the disease. Such as complicated glomerular arteriosclerosis, the glomerular filtration rate decreased, the renal sugar threshold increased, at this time the blood sugar has been abnormal, urine sugar is also negative, 2h after eating, due to increased load, blood sugar can be seen, urine Sugar positive, for this type of diabetes patients, not only need to check fasting blood glucose and urine glucose, but also need further glucose tolerance test. (3) Other diseases, blood sugar, increased glycosuria. 1 hyperthyroidism, due to the acceleration of blood flow in the intestinal wall and the absorption of sugar, so after the meal, blood sugar increased and diabetes occurred. 2 acromegaly, due to strong growth hormone secretion caused by elevated blood sugar, diabetes. 3 pheochromocytoma, can be secreted by a large number of adrenaline and norepinephrine, resulting in enhanced phosphorylase activity, promote the degradation of liver glycogen into glucose, causing elevated blood sugar and diabetes. 4 Cushing (Cushing) syndrome, due to increased cortisol secretion, so that glycogen is exogenous, inhibiting hexose phosphate kinase and fighting insulin, resulting in diabetes. (4) transient diabetes, also known as stress diabetes, seen in craniocerebral trauma, cerebrovascular accident, emotional agitation, etc., the brain center is stimulated, resulting in a large number of adrenaline, glucagon release, and thus can be temporary High blood sugar and diabetes. 2, normal blood sugar, diabetic nephrolia is a normal blood sugar, due to the low reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule. Among them, the congenital person is familial renal glucosuria, which is found in Fanconi syndrome. The patient has diabetes and fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test. The neonatal diabetes is not perfect because of renal tubular function. Acquired renal glucosuria can be acquired. Found in chronic nephritis and nephrotic syndrome. In late pregnancy and lactating women, the presence of diabetes can be associated with increased glomerular filtration rate. 3, other sugars in the urine in addition to glucose in addition to glucose, lactose, galactose, fructose, pentose, etc., in addition to the different types of eating, may be related to genetic disorders. (1) Lactoseuria has two physiological and pathological conditions. The former occurs at the end of pregnancy or 2 to 5 days after delivery. The latter is found in the urine of dyspepsia. When the lactose intake is above 100-150g, it lacks lactase. Lactoseuria occurs. (2) Galactose urinary congenital galactosemia is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease. Due to the lack of galactose-1-phosphate uridine invertase or galactose kinase, it is not possible to convert galactose into glucose. The child may have liver enlargement, liver function damage, growth and development stagnation, mental retardation, and restlessness after breastfeeding. , antifeeding, vomiting, diarrhea, renal tubular dysfunction, etc., in addition to amino acid urine (fine, silk, glycine, etc.). Galactoseuria can also occur in cataract patients caused by galactosidase deficiency. (3) fructose urine. People usually see fructose in the urine. After taking a lot of fructose, temporary fructose can be found in the urine. In the case of liver dysfunction, the use of fructose by the liver is reduced, resulting in an increase in fructose in the blood and the onset of fructose. (4) L-arabinose and L-xylose are mainly found in pentose urine. After eating pentose-containing foods such as dates, plums, cherries and other juices, it occurs transiently in the urine. Acquired pentose hyperlipidemia is due to the lack of L-xylulose to xylitol. The enzyme is transferred, and xylulose is discharged 4 to 5 g per day in the urine. Positive results may be diseases: diabetes, elimination precautions Note during inspection: Fresh morning urine should be used as much as possible during this examination. The urine that is randomly selected is preferably mid-stage urine. Not suitable for the crowd: menstrual women. Inspection process Inspection process: As with routine urine tests, use a clean, dry container with a disposable urine cup and urine test tube provided by the hospital. Take about 10 ml of urine and send it to the designated inspection window of the hospital for color test. Not suitable for the crowd Menstrual women. Adverse reactions and risks no.

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