Heterophilic agglutination test

The heterophilic agglutination test is used to test for infectious mononucleosis. The guinea pig kidney is used to adsorb the serum to be tested, the antibody against the heterophilic antigen is removed, and the heterophilic antibody titer in the serum is determined by observing the degree of agglutination of the sheep red blood cells. Mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. If a test is positive, and tracking the agglutination price rises more than 4 times, it has diagnostic value. However, this test is a non-specific reaction and should be diagnosed in combination with clinical practice. Infectious mononucleosis is mostly caused by infections such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii. In the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis, an antibody capable of agglutinating red blood cells of a heterologous animal (such as sheep) is often present as a heterophilic antibody, and such agglutination is called heterophilic agglutination. Commonly used for serological diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. An IgG-type antibody is present in the serum of patients at the early stage of the disease, which can non-specifically agglutinate sheep red blood cells, which are called "heterophilic antibodies". This antibody can be positive after 5 days of onset, reaching a peak within 3-4 weeks. The recovery period has fallen rapidly. If a test is positive, and tracking the agglutination price rises more than 4 times, it has diagnostic value. However, this test is a non-specific reaction and should be diagnosed in combination with clinical practice. Basic Information Specialist classification: Infectious disease examination and classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: It should be normal. Positive: Common in monocytic leukemia, tuberculosis. Tips: Keep your skin clean. Normal value 0 to 1:7, normal is a negative reaction. Clinical significance Abnormal result Infectious mononucleosis is caused by EB virus infection. An lgM-type antibody appears in the serum of patients at the early stage of the disease, which can non-specifically agglutinate sheep red blood cells, called "heterophilic antibodies". This antibody is 5 days after the onset of the disease. It can be a positive reaction, reaching a peak within 3-4 weeks and rapidly decreasing during the recovery period. If a test is positive, and tracking the agglutination price rises more than 4 times, it has diagnostic value. However, this test is a non-specific reaction and should be diagnosed in combination with clinical practice. Elevation: Infectious mononucleosis (increased after 1 week, peaked at 4 to 6 weeks, later decreased, rarely lasted for more than half a year), recently treated with horse serum, a small number of lymphoblastoma , monocytic leukemia, tuberculosis, acute schistosomiasis, etc. can also be positive. Infectious mononucleosis in the population to be examined, the positive rate is 80%-90%, so this patient should do this test to develop the disease and the basis of medical treatment. Positive results may be diseases: infectious mononucleosis, EB virus infection precautions (1) When observing the results, do not shake, observe the agglutination of the red blood cells at the bottom of the tube, and then shake the test tube to observe whether the red blood cells are agglutinated. For example, before shaking, red blood cells are found to sink, the edges are not complete, and those who have agglutination after shaking are positive. In the negative and control tubes, red blood cells were formed into a smooth circular dish and settled on the bottom of the tube. No clots were visible after shaking. (2) This test is feasible for half or micro (blood clot) method. Inspection process (1) Arrange the tube 12 on the test tube rack, add 1 ml of normal saline to the first tube, and add 0.25 ml to each tube. (2) Inoculate 0.1 ml of the serum to be tested, add it to the first tube, mix and take 25 ml, transfer to the second tube, mix the second tube, then take 0.25 ml, transfer it into the third tube, and serially dilute to the 11th. Tube, mix and discard 0.25ml. At this time, the serum dilution factor is 1:5 to 1:5120. The 12th tube was not added with serum and was a control tube. (3) Add 2% sheep red blood cell suspension to each tube. At this time, the serum dilution factor is 1:7 to 1:7168. (4) After shaking, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours, and then transferred to a refrigerator at 4 ° C overnight. The next morning was taken out and placed at 37 ° C for 1 hour in a water bath to observe the results. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.