Vascular inspection

Vascular inspection is an auxiliary examination method for checking whether a blood vessel is normal. Vascular inspection is a method by which a doctor visually observes the condition of a patient's whole body or local blood vessels. Visual observations included jugular vein examination, carotid pulsation, and liver-jugular regurgitation. The method of visual inspection is simple but sometimes provides important clues for the diagnosis of certain diseases. The site to be inspected at the time of visual inspection should be fully exposed and exposed to natural light. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: physical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Maintain a normal diet and schedule. Severe blood vessels and cardiac dysfunction are not suitable for this test. Normal value Normal jugular veins do not expand, or may have mild expansion at the beginning of pressure, but quickly drop to normal levels. Clinical significance Abnormal results of vascular inspection and clinical abnormalities (1) Arterial pulsation: The bulge and systolic pulsation seen in the second intercostal space of the right sternal border and adjacent or sternal fossa are seen in the ascending aorta or aortic arch aneurysm. The systolic pulsation between the second and third intercostals of the left sternal border is seen in pulmonary artery expansion and some normal young people. Carotid pulsation is seen when the pulse pressure increases. Abdominal pulsation is seen in the thin abdominal wall and abdominal aorta and branch aneurysms. (2) Arterial tortuosity: The superficial arteries (superficial temporal artery, hernia, radial artery, etc.) are distorted in arteriosclerosis. (3) venous filling: the jugular vein is filled, and the filling degree in the lying position exceeds the lower 2/3 of the distance from the upper edge of the clavicle to the mandibular angle. Or obvious venous filling can be seen in the standing position and sitting position. Seen in right heart failure, pericardial disease and superior vena cava syndrome. Hepatic jugular venous return, pressing the enlarged liver, the jugular vein filling is more obvious, seen in right heart failure, pericardial disease. The chest and abdomen wall is filled with blood, which is seen in the portal hypertension, the superior vena cava or the inferior vena cava obstruction, forming a collateral circulation. (4) venous pulsation: jugular vein beat, jugular vein beat soft, the range is diffuse, no pulsation when palpation, seen in tricuspid regurgitation. (5) Capillary pulsation: Capillary pulse beats the end of the patient's nail bed with a finger, or gently presses the lip and mucous membrane with a clear slide. If the alternating rhythmic microvascular pulsation of red and white is seen, it is a capillary pulsation. When the pulse pressure increases. Regular physical examination items for people who need to be examined, abnormal blood vessels. Precautions Forbidden before examination: Maintain a normal diet and schedule. Requirements for examination: The patient actively cooperates with the doctor during the examination and checks under suitable lighting. Inspection process The patient is placed in the supine position, and the doctor performs an examination under appropriate light to determine the corresponding symptoms of the patient by observing the shape, color, and distribution of the blood vessels. The contents of the visual examination include: jugular vein examination, carotid pulsation examination, liver-jugular venous return sign, etc. The specific methods of each examination are different, so the doctor should flexibly select the specific examination method according to the contents of the examination. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: severe blood vessels and heart failure.

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