endoscopic ultrasonography

There are two methods for endoscopic ultrasonography: 1. The micro-frequency ultrasonic probe is installed at the front end of the endoscope; 2. The micro-ultrasound probe is inserted through the biopsy forceps during endoscopic examination. Observe the close distance lesions and choose a high frequency. Endoscopic ultrasound can not only perform the examination of ordinary endoscopy, but also clearly display the lesions under the mucosa and the images of adjacent organs on the screen. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: ultrasound Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Forbidden to drink for more than 6 hours before the test, to ensure effective gastric emptying. Normal value Because the front end of the endoscopic ultrasound is hard, the outer diameter is thick, and the curvature is small, which may cause difficulty in inserting the lens, and the patient is more painful when inserted. Therefore, the patient with deep inhalation grips the mouth cushion, keeps the head lowered and then leans back to increase the gap in the throat, which is conducive to the insertion of mirrors and secretions. When nausea, vomiting, and coughing occur, the patient is relieved. Let the saliva naturally flow out from the mouth to prevent aspiration and suffocation. Absorb oral secretions at any time to keep the airway open and ensure successful insertion. Clinical significance Abnormal results: a small number of patients may appear pale, cold sweat, dizziness, fatigue and other discomfort. People who need to be examined: pancreatic tumors, lower common bile duct stones, upper digestive tract swells. Precautions Contraindications before the test: fasting and banned drinking for more than 6h, to ensure effective gastric emptying. Requirements for examination: Assist the patient to take the correct position. Inspection process 1. The patient needs to have an empty stomach for 4-6 hours or more. Check the food that is easy to digest after dinner on the day before. 2. The examination doctor must be proficient in the operation techniques of the general digestive tract endoscope and the operation points of the duodenoscope, and have certain experience in surface ultrasound and ultrasonic anatomy. Before the examination, it is necessary to understand the medical history, the purpose of the examination, and whether there is any Mirror contraindications, etc. 3. Explain to the patient the purpose, necessity, related risks and matters needing attention in the inspection, and eliminate the patient's concerns. Informed consent was signed before surgery. 4. medication: 15 ~ 30min before surgery oral foaming agent; intramuscular injection of scopolamine 20mg; mentally stressed can be intramuscular injection or slow intravenous injection of 5 ~ 10mg, the upper digestive tract examination needs to contain lidocaine cement local Anesthesia and lubrication. 5. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography usually takes the left lateral position, the lower limbs are slightly curved, the collar is unwound, the waistband is relaxed, and the head is turned back later; those who underwent colonic endoscopic ultrasonography should clean the bowel preparation before surgery. 6. Operation steps: After the endoscopic ultrasonography is inserted into the digestive tract, the direct contact method, the water sac method and the water sac method combined with the airless water filling method can be used to scan the submucosal lesions, tumors and adjacent organs of the gastrointestinal tract. In combination with Doppler, endoscopic ultrasound is able to detect blood flow velocity and blood flow and display blood flow direction. Not suitable for the crowd Patients with heart, lung, and brain disease should be cautious according to their severity. Adverse reactions and risks Generally not.

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