Infertility reproductive system exam

Infertility reproductive system examinations are mainly checked by routine examination of leucorrhea. The vaginal discharge is composed of a mixture of vaginal mucosal exudate, cervical canal and endometrial gland secretions, and its formation is associated with the action of estrogen. The purpose of the leucorrhea routine examination is to check for trichomoniasis and candida in the vagina, and to determine the vaginal cleanliness. Basic Information Specialist classification: prenatal and postnatal examination classification: vaginal secretion examination Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: not fasting Tips: The best time to do a gynecological examination is after 3 days of clean menstruation. Normal value 1. The pH is 4.5 at normal time. 2. Vaginal cleanliness A large number of vaginal epithelial cells and a large number of vaginal bacilli were seen under a degree microscope. Under the II degree microscope, there are vaginal epithelial cells, a small amount of white blood cells, some vaginal bacilli, and some bacteria or pus cells. A small amount of vaginal bacteria is seen under the third degree microscope, and there are a large number of pus cells and bacteria. No vaginal bacillus was observed under the IV degree microscope, except for a small number of epithelial cells, which were mainly pus cells and bacteria. I to II degrees are normal 3. There were no mycoplasma, chlamydia and clue cells after the examination. Clinical significance Abnormal results: The diagnosis of phage, mycoplasma, and chlamydia can be used to diagnose the cause of infertility. People who need to be examined: female infertility patients. Precautions Unsuitable for the crowd: not yet known. Note before inspection: 1, choose the appropriate time for consultation: the best time to do gynecological examination is 3 days after menstruation clean; 2, the day before the gynecological examination should avoid sex. Because the semen remaining in the vagina will be mixed in the extracted sliced ​​sample, thus covering the abnormal cells; 3, do vaginal diarrhea for the first three days of gynecology, washing often affects the results of the examination. The day before the inspection, you can wash the vulva with clean water; 4, to avoid vaginal use of drugs, because such drugs may cover abnormal cells in the sliced ​​sample, thereby affecting the results of the test; 5, a few days before the examination, pay attention to diet, do not eat too much greasy, not easy to digest food, do not drink alcohol, do not eat drugs that damage liver and kidney function. Note after inspection: If there is no abnormality after the inspection, the man will check it. Inspection process Leucorrhea routine laboratory test items: Syzygium, mold, mycoplasma chlamydia infection, vaginal inflammation, and venous blood tests for sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis are routinely screened by vaginal discharge. Whether there are gynecological diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases, it is best to treat them thoroughly before pregnancy, otherwise it will cause abortion, premature birth and other risks. Ordinary vaginal discharge examinations, most women will not feel anything, but relaxation during the examination can make you less sensitive. The general leucorrhea routine test list has the following six test items: pH value After puberty, due to the stimulation of ovarian sex hormones, the mucosal epithelial cells are rich in animal starch, which turns into lactic acid after decomposition by vaginal bacteria, so that the vaginal secretions are weakly acidic, which can prevent the pathogenic bacteria from multiplying in the vagina. This is the vagina. Self-cleaning effect. The pH value is usually used to indicate the pH, and the pH is 4.5 at normal. The pH of the leucorrhea rises when it is trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginitis, which can be greater than 5-6. Vaginal cleanliness can be divided into 4 levels: I degree: A large number of vaginal epithelial cells and a large number of vaginal bacilli were seen under the microscope. II degree: There are vaginal epithelial cells, a small amount of white blood cells, some vaginal bacilli, and some bacteria or pus cells. III degree: There is a small amount of vaginal bacteria under the microscope, and there are a lot of pus cells and bacteria. IV degree: No vaginal bacillus was observed under the microscope, except for a small amount of epithelial cells, mainly pus cells and bacteria. I to II degrees are normal, and III to IV degrees are abnormal leucorrhea, indicating vaginal inflammation. Mold and trichomoniasis: After treatment, the leucorrhea can be found under the microscope according to its morphology. Whether there are trichomoniasis or mold, no matter how many quantities are represented by "+", the symbol "+" only indicates The woman is infected with trichomoniasis or mold and does not indicate the severity of the infection. Amine test: The vaginal discharge of bacterial vaginosis can produce fishy smell, which is caused by the alkalinity of the amine present in the vaginal discharge by alkalization of potassium hydroxide. Clue cells: clue cells refer to bacterial vaginitis patients with many bacilli coagulate at the edge of vaginal epithelial cells. In the smear smear, the vaginal epithelial cells are granulated or spotted, causing obscurity to be clue cells. It is the most sensitive and specific sign of bacterial vaginosis. Clinicians can make a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis based on positive amine test and clue cells. Mycoplasma examination Mycoplasma is a microbe between bacteria and viruses, and is the smallest microorganism that lives independently and is not cultured intracellularly. There are more than 80 kinds of mycoplasmas currently known, and there are more than 10 kinds of mycoplasma in human body. Among them, Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause acute respiratory infection and pneumonia; Mycoplasma hominis (MH) can cause urinary tract infection and infertility, endometritis, calving Heat, neonatal lung; genital mycoplasma (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, UU) can cause urethritis, endometritis, chorioamnionitis, spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, neonatal pneumonia, male infertility and urinary calculi; mycoplasma salivary And oral mycoplasma is a resident of the upper respiratory tract. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is positive for a single serum IgM and is likely to be infected recently. Chlamydia examination Chlamydia is a microorganism that lives in bacteria, and three species related to humans. 1. Chlamydia trachomatis: There are 15 serotypes, of which A, B, Ba, C4 can cause eye diseases such as trachoma, inclusion body conjunctivitis, punctate keratitis; D ~ K type can cause genitourinary tract inflammation ( Sexually transmitted diseases). Pregnant women can cause miscarriage after infection, neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia. 2, Chlamydia pneumoniae: can cause pneumonia. Chlamydia trachomatis antibody (Ct-IgM) or Chlamydia psittaci antibody (Cps-18G and Cps-IgM) or Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody (Cpn-IgG and Cpn-IgM), with a single serum IgG titer ≥ 1:512 and / Or IgM≥1:32 is positive, and the recent infection can be diagnosed when the rheumatoid factor is excluded. 3, Parrot Chlamydia: can cause respiratory infections and even toxemia. It can also cause myocarditis, endocarditis and meningitis. Note after inspection: If there is no abnormality after the inspection, the man will check it. Not suitable for the crowd Not found yet. Adverse reactions and risks No related complications and hazards have been found.

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