General characterization of sputum

The general trait test of sputum is a test method for the amount of sputum, the traits and color of sputum, and the scent of sputum. 痰 Quantity: The amount of sputum is measured in ml/24h. In acute respiratory inflammation, the amount of sputum is not much increased; chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, bronchopleural fistula, sputum volume increased. Bacterial inflammation is more abundant than when the virus is infected. When the amount of sputum is large, the sputum is left in the container, and stratification may occur after standing. The upper layer is foam, the middle layer is serous or serous, and the bottom layer is necrotic tissue debris. Basic Information Specialist classification: Respiratory examination classification: sputum examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Normal value Healthy people are generally innocent, occasionally with a small amount of white or gray-white mucus, a small amount of neutrophils and epithelial cells in the sputum, no red blood cells and other abnormal components. Clinical significance Abnormal results: various infectious respiratory diseases, such as acute and chronic bronchitis, various types of pneumonia, bacterial lung abscess, bronchopleural fistula, amoebic lung abscess, paragonimiasis, tuberculosis, AIDS, etc. Bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, lung cancer, cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc. People who need to be examined: Patients with various infectious respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, various types of pneumonia, and bacterial lung abscess. Precautions Forbidden before examination: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Inspection process 1, the amount of sputum: the amount of sputum in ml / 24h. In acute respiratory inflammation, the amount of sputum is not much increased; chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, bronchopleural fistula, sputum volume increased. Bacterial inflammation is more abundant than when the virus is infected. When the amount of sputum is large, the sputum is left in the container, and stratification may occur after standing. The upper layer is foam, the middle layer is serous or serous, and the bottom layer is necrotic tissue debris. 2, sputum properties and color: according to the sputum properties can be divided into mucus, serous, mucopurus, purulent, bloody and so on. (1) purulent or mucus purulent sputum: the main component is pus cells, mostly yellow, suggesting purulent infection in the respiratory tract, seen in suppurative bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema, cavitary tuberculosis, bronchopleural fistula and so on. When P. aeruginosa is infected, it may have yellow-green or emerald green purpura. (2) red or brown red blood stasis: mainly due to respiratory bleeding, can be seen in tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, and non-pulmonary diseases such as mitral stenosis. Pink foam sputum, mostly left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary blood stasis caused by telangiectasia, the formation of acute pulmonary edema. (3) rust color 痰: due to the hemoglobin degeneration in the sputum caused by a large amount of hemosiderin particles, found in lobar pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. (4) Foamy sputum: White foamy sputum at the onset of bronchial asthma. (5) Mucus-like sputum: It is colorless, transparent or gray viscous sputum. It is mainly caused by bronchitis, asthma, early pneumonia, etc. due to inflammation and stimulation of increased secretion of mucus in the respiratory tract. (6) Sepia purulent: seen in the amoebic lung abscess. (7) rotten peach-like gray-yellow sputum: seen in lung tissue necrosis caused by paragonimiasis. (8) Black or gray-black 痰: due to inhalation of large amounts of dust or long-term smokers. (9) Thin serous sputum: a large amount and contains powdery skin samples, often suggesting hydatidosis. 3, smell (1) Fecal odor: more common when the underarm abscess is connected to the lungs. (2) foul odor: lung abscess, bronchiectasis, sputum of advanced malignant tumors. (3) bloody smell: seen in tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis and other bloody sputum. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: No. Adverse reactions and risks No related complications and hazards have been found.

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