Tuberculous empyema

Tuberculous empyema is caused by severe infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and accumulation of purulent exudate. Acid-fast bacilli are often found in pleural effusion smears or cultures (70%). Chronic empyema often develops due to delayed diagnosis or improper treatment. Surgical treatment is required only if chronic tuberculous empyema or tuberculous empyema is complicated by secondary mixed infections.

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