Visceral obstruction

Stones are the most important manifestation of visceral obstruction. A solid mass formed in the lumen of a catheter or in a cavity of a luminal organ (such as the kidney, ureter, gallbladder, or bladder) in the human or animal body. It is mainly found in the gallbladder, bladder, and renal pelvis. It can also be found in the lumen of pancreatic ducts, salivary ducts, etc., which can cause luminal obstruction, affect the drainage of affected organs, and cause symptoms such as pain, bleeding, or infection. Stones are composed of inorganic salts or organic matter. There is usually a core in the stone, which is composed of exfoliated epithelial cells, bacterial clumps, parasite eggs or worm bodies, feces or foreign bodies, and inorganic salts or organic materials are deposited on top of the core. Due to the different organs involved, the components, shapes, textures, and effects on the body of the stone formation mechanism are different. Common stones include gallstones, bladder stones, ureteral stones, pancreatic duct stones, salivary duct stones, appendix feces stones, stomach stones, foreskin stones, and calculus stones.

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