Fibroduodenoscopy, retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy

1. Obstructive jaundice. 2. Suspected biliary calculi and hepatobiliary stricture. 3. Suspected ampulla tumors, pancreatic cysts, chronic pancreatitis, bile duct tumors, or metastatic adenocarcinoma in the bile and pancreas. 4. Bile duct or gallbladder postoperative syndrome. 5. Symptoms of the duodenal papilla. 6. X-ray examination or endoscopic examination suspected of gastric or duodenal fixed compression.

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