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Hypertrophy
Introduction
Introduction Proliferative hypertrophy is a common disease in children due to repeated episodes of acute or subacute inflammation of the nasopharynx, causing pathological hypertrophy of the lymphoid follicles of the proliferator and the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Proliferative hypertrophy often coincides with chronic tonsillitis. The disease occurs in cold and humid areas. Proliferative hypertrophy is a pathological hyperplasia of the proliferator. The proliferator is also called adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil. It is the lymphoid tissue at the top of the nasopharynx. It gradually enlarges after birth and reaches its maximum level at about 6 years old. It gradually degenerates at the age of 10 years. .
Cause
Cause
Proliferative hypertrophy is the pathological hyperplasia of the proliferator. Proliferative abdomen, also known as adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil, is the lymphoid tissue at the top of the nasopharynx. It gradually enlarges after birth, reaching the most human level at about 6 years old, and gradually begins at the age of 10 years. Degraded.
Due to repeated infection, the proliferative body can be abnormally proliferated, and the enlarged proliferator can cause nasal obstruction and nasal drainage disorder, leading to rhinitis and sinusitis; when obstructing the eustachian tube, it is easy to cause otitis media, and the child is susceptible due to mouth breathing. Respiratory infections, long-term mouth breathing can affect facial bone development, affecting children's physical and mental development.
1. Most occur in preschool children, breathing, sleep, snoring, sleepless, easy to wake up, lack of energy during the day, poor memory, even anemia, mental retardation, headache and so on. 2. May be accompanied by hearing loss or nasal blockage and runny. 3. The long course of disease may have "adenoid face"; the upper lip is short and thick, the lower lip is drooping, the dentition is uneven, the eye distance is widened, the door is dull, and the expression is stupid. 4. Proliferative hypertrophy can be seen from the anterior nares or after the nose or by fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, or with a finger touching the nasopharyngeal soft tissue mass, or a soft tissue shadow on the nasopharynx lateral patch.Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Otolaryngology CT examination blood routine
(1) Posterior nasal examination has a swollen proliferative body on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. Using a finger to probe the nasopharyngeal area of the child can touch a soft orange-shaped mass.
(2) often accompanied by tonsil hypertrophy and chronic inflammation, swelling of the nose, secretions in the nasal cavity.
(3) The maxillary bone is long and narrow, the hard palate is high arch, the dentition is not aligned, and the mandible is drooping, which is called the proliferative appearance.
(4) Submandibular lymph nodes or cervical lymph nodes.
(5) often accompanied by secretory otitis media, pay attention to the tympanic effusion, can do pure tone audiometry and acoustic impedance test.
(6) Fiber nasopharyngoscopy and nasopharynx X-ray film if necessary.
(7) Note that except for nasopharyngeal tumors.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
1. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The age of onset is relatively large, and there is a history of sputum with bloodshot. CT examination shows the soft tissue shadow of thickened adenoid hypertrophy in the posterior pharyngeal wall. The asymmetry of the left and right sides is asymmetrical, and the asymmetry of the pharyngeal recess disappears. The side gap is blurred, narrowed or even occluded, and there may be bone destruction of the skull base.
2, posterior pharyngeal wall abscess: more than a history of pharyngeal foreign body stab wound, local thickening soft tissue shadow is more extensive, can be seen in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, throat and anterior vertebral body, density is uneven, visible low-density pus Air shadow can be seen in the abscess, and the enhanced examination can show a more uniform enhancement of the abscess wall.
3, pharyngeal cyst: located in the left and right sides of the long muscles, a circular gas or liquid low-density stove, the edge is clear.
Generally, when the adenoid is hypertrophied, the CT axial image shows that the nasopharyngeal air cavity is deformed narrowly, the posterior wall soft tissue is thickened, the density is uniform, and the head long muscle is similar, the left and right sides are symmetrical, and the leading edge is smooth or wavy, protruding into the air cavity. The pharyngeal crypt and the eustachian tube are faintly visible or unclear. After different degrees of obstruction, the nostril gap is clear and the adjacent bone is not damaged.
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