Enuresis

Introduction Enuresis refers to the absence of nervous system or genitourinary systemic diseases in children over 3 years of age, and unconsciously urinating at night. Inadequate control of urination by infants should be considered normal. Enuresis can be divided into nocturnal enuresis and enuresis during the day, with nocturnal enuresis at night.

Cause

The cause of enuresis:

There are many reasons for the development of enuresis, and even a health search for the combined effects of multiple factors.

1. Genetic factors: Enuresis has obvious genetic predisposition. Genetics is located on chromosome 22q11. The statistics of cupping network indicate that the incidence of enuresis in the offspring of both parents with enuresis and enuresis is 77% 44% and 15%, respectively.

2. Stunting: If the brain awakens the central developmental delay, the urinary pattern is maintained by the low-level central reflex in infanthood. This type of child has other developmental delays. The healthy search for children's thalamus and pituitary development is delayed by the anti-diuretic hormone. Increased urine output at night, this functional bladder capacity reduction and nocturnal urine volume is an important reason for enuresis health search.

3. Urodynamic factors: Urodynamic examination during sleep found that 1 / 3 ~ 1/2 children with extremely active bladder autonomic contraction and a large amplitude of the cupping network, this unstable bladder can make children with functional bladder capacity? Zoom out in one step.

4. Secondary to urinary tract infections or obstructions: such as posterior urethral valve disease and annular stenosis.

5. Abnormal nerve function.

6. Psychological factors

an examination

Related inspection

Bladder neck elevation test urine urine color serum albumin (ALB, A) serum 2-macroglobulin

1. History: Children over the age of 3 can urinate normally during the day, but enuresis in sleep, one or two times a night or more, or a few days of enuresis, one or two times, and often enuresis in the dream.

2. Check: There may be phimosis, prepuce, urethral stricture, foreskin and penis head inflammation, but no abnormal leakage of urine.

3. Laboratory tests: no abnormalities in urine routine.

4. X-ray examination: no congenital spina bifida and meningocele.

5. Urinary angiography showed no abnormal findings.

Differential diagnosis

1. Urinary incontinence: The urine does not flow freely, and it is often wet and sputum at night, which is similar to enuresis. However, urinary incontinence is the loss of control of urine and involuntary outflow, regardless of day or night.

2. Congenital ureteral ectopic: Female ureteral ectopic opening in addition to normal urination, there are persistent urinary leakage outside the urethral orifice, also mistaken for enuresis.

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