Atypical hyperplasia

Introduction Atypical hyperplasia, also called atypical hyperplasia, is a noun of pathology. It mainly refers to the hyperplasia of epithelial cells, which is characterized by hyperplastic cells of different sizes, diverse forms, large and dense nuclei, and increased proportion of nucleoplasm. Nuclear fission can be increased but mostly normal mitotic figures. Heterologous epithelial cells involve mild 1/3 of the upper layer of the epithelium (Class I), 2/3 of the upper epithelium is moderate (Class II), and more than 2/3 of the total epithelium is severe (III). It often occurs in the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus, vulva, etc., and the lesions are white patches.

Cause

According to the degree of lesions, it can be divided into mild, moderate and severe grades. For example, the squamous epithelial dysplasia of the cervix can be divided into: the heterogeneous epithelial cells involve the upper third of the epithelium and are mild (Class I). 2/3 of the upper epithelium is moderate (Class II), and more than 2/3 of the total epithelium is severe (III). In recent years, the concept of intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) has been generally accepted. Grade I, II, and III atypical hyperplasia are called IN-I, II, and III, respectively, and IN-III includes cancer in situ. Such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and so on. Epithelial cells have abnormal hyperplasia.

an examination

Related inspection

Immunopathological examination of gastric juice, gastric tissue, carcinoembryonic antigen

Atypical hyperplasia generally has no obvious symptoms. If there are obvious symptoms, it is possible that the lesion has progressed to cancer.

Common manifestations are as follows:

(1) Mucosal leukoplakia: often occurs in the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus, vulva, etc., the lesions are white plaques, microscopic squamous epithelial hyperplasia and keratinization, and some abnormalities, the lesion may develop into Squamous cell carcinoma.

(2) Cervical erosion: The squamous epithelium of the ectocervix is replaced by a columnar epithelium from the cervical canal. In the erosion healing, the reserve cells proliferate and metamorphose into squamous epithelium. Because chronic inflammatory processes can lead to incomplete squamous and dysplasia, a few evolve into cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Differential diagnosis

1. Cervical atypical hyperplasia:

A cytological abnormality that occurs in the uterine cervix caused by the HPV virus. If this abnormal change is lighter and less frequent, it can usually be removed by itself without treatment. However, if moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia occurs, it is difficult to remove automatically. The cytological abnormal changes at this stage are generally considered to be precancerous lesions. If they are not detected and treated in time, they may continue to progress to cancer.

2, atypical hyperplasia of gastrointestinal mucosa epithelium:

Atypical hyperplasia of gastrointestinal mucosa is a type of proliferative lesion that deviates from normal differentiation, morphological and functional anomalous manifestations of gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium and glands. It is generally believed that before the occurrence of malignant tumors, almost all of them have dysplasia first, and it is rare to directly convert from normal to malignant without passing through this stage. Therefore, it is different from simple hyperplasia and neoplastic hyperplasia.

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