Increased intraocular pressure

Introduction Intraocular pressure is the pressure inside the eyeball, referred to as intraocular pressure. It is the equilibrium pressure exerted by the contents of the eye on the wall of the eye. The eyeball is divided into two parts: the eye wall and the eye content. Intraocular pressure is the pressure that interacts between the contents of the eyeball and the wall of the eyeball. Normal people's intraocular pressure is maintained within a certain range (10-21 ml of mercury) to maintain the normal shape and vision of the eye. The contents of the eye include a lens, a vitreous body, aqueous humor, and the like. One of the functions of aqueous humor is to maintain intraocular pressure. Normally, the aqueous humor is in a dynamic cycle. If any part of the aqueous circulation channel is obstructed, or if the aqueous humor is excessive, it will cause an increase in intraocular pressure.

Cause

The cause of elevated intraocular pressure:

The normal range of intraocular pressure in humans is between 10 mmHg and 21 mm Hg, and 21 mm Hg to 23 mm Hg is considered to be suspected high intraocular pressure. Abnormally above 24 mm Hg, the performance is as follows: Pain, headache, sometimes nausea, vomiting, decreased vision. The symptoms of people and people can be different. Therefore, the reason for the diagnosis of high intraocular pressure should be considered in combination with the underlying diseases of the patient itself.

There are many causes of elevated intraocular pressure, such as young eyes, cataracts, iritis, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, trauma, etc., can increase intraocular pressure. In addition, excessive eye strain, fatigue, and the like may also cause high intraocular pressure.

an examination

Related inspection

Intraocular pressure tonometer measurement

Tonometer measurement method:

The tonometer measurement method is divided into two types: indentation type and flattening type. The Schiotz indentation tonometer is commonly used clinically to indent the central portion of the cornea with a weight of weight to measure intraocular pressure.

Electric tonometer measurement method:

The tonometer is made according to the Schiotz standard tonometer specification and is connected to an automatic galvanometer recording system for tonometry. The flattening tonometer flattens the cornea with a certain weight, measures the intraocular pressure according to the flattened corneal area, or flattens a certain cornea with a variable weight, and measures the intraocular pressure according to the required weight. The intraocular pressure is proportional to the applied external force and inversely proportional to the flattened corneal area. The flattening tonometers are Makakob, Gol dman, Mackay arg and non-contact tonometer (NCT). Intraocular pressure tracing is a method of measuring the aqueous humor flow coefficient (C value) and the aqueous humor production rate (F value) of a living eye. When the eyeball is massaged or pressure is applied to the eyeball, the drainage of the aqueous humor of the normal eye can be accelerated, the intraocular pressure is lowered, and the intraocular pressure of the glaucoma is rarely decreased or does not decrease at all. Checking glaucoma also requires an intraocular pressure curve to understand the intraocular pressure fluctuations during the day. The method was to measure intraocular pressure every 4 hours for 24 hours. The approximate time is 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22 hours.

Differential diagnosis

Symptoms of elevated eye pressure that are confusing:

Sudden increase in intraocular pressure: acute angle-closure glaucoma, pain around the orbital area of the trigeminal nerve, sinus, ear roots, teeth, etc., rapid increase in intraocular pressure, hard eyeballs, often cause nausea, vomiting, sweating, etc. The patient saw a color halo around the incandescent lamp or a rainbow like a rainbow after the rain.

High intraocular pressure: refers to repeated measurements of intraocular pressure above the normal range, but after long-term follow-up, does not cause changes in the optic papilla and visual field. It is related to increased secretion of aqueous humor and may also be related to endocrine disorders.

Eye tenderness: Typical symptoms of pediatric optic neuritis are a sharp drop in vision and tenderness in the eye. Typical symptoms of pediatric optic neuritis are a sharp drop in vision and tenderness in the eye. There is no obvious change in the appearance of the eyeballs of the child. Only when the vision is completely lost, the pupils are scattered. In general, only the pupils do not have long-lasting light reflection. Therefore, if the child is suffering from an acute infectious disease and complains that the vision is unclear or the eyes are dull, parents should consider the possibility of optic neuritis and take the child to the doctor in time.

The vitreous body protrudes through the pupil to the front chamber: common in vitreous ridges, which means that the vitreous body protrudes through the pupil to the front chamber. Common in cataract extraction after cataract extraction. When the vitreous hemorrhoids contact with the corneal endothelium, it is easy to cause corneal edema and turbidity.

Congestion of amblyopia: One of the signs of amblyopia is that the ability to recognize a single font is much higher than that of a font of the same size but arranged in a row. This phenomenon is called crowding. Hilton found that children with amblyopia may have normal or near-normal vision for a single word. Amblyopia can only be found by examining the lines in a line. Therefore, the results of the examination with a single font cannot reflect the real situation of amblyopia.

Eye swelling, dryness: high eye pressure will show eye swelling, while dry eye is caused by dry keratoconjunctivitis. In addition to insufficient secretion of primary tears, dry keratitis can also be seen in the following situations: 1. Chronic diseases such as endocrine diseases, anemia, vitamin deficiency. 2, acute diseases such as acute exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Jonhnson's syndrome, ocular pemphigus. 3. Trauma and surgery of the eyelids and conjunctiva may damage most of the basal secretory and reverse secretory catheters. Insufficient secretion of primary tears is commonly referred to as the syndrome in the clinic. There are two types of generalized and narrow sense. The so-called generalized syndrome (SJS) refers to diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis) combined with other systemic immunity in addition to dry mouth. Dry keratitis (KCS for short). "Dry eye syndrome" or dry conjunctiva, keratitis (dry angle, conjunctivitis) is a disease in which the conjunctiva and corneal epithelium cannot maintain normal function due to insufficient quality of the pre-corneal tear film or insufficient amount of tear fluid.

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