Symptom >> Otorhinolaryngology >> Ophthalmology

Unusual flashes of light in front of eyes, increased black spots

Introduction
Cause
Examine
Diagnosis

Introduction

Introduction Pathological floaters are generally caused by serious diseases, which are caused by changes in the structure of the omentum, optic nerve, ciliary body and other structures near the vitreous.

Cause

Cause

Abnormal flash in front of the eyes, the cause of increased black spots:

Seeing black spots flying in front of you is like a mosquito. Flying mosquitoes are produced by the projection of opaque objects in the vitreous on the retina. It is more noticeable when the light is bright or against a white background. Sensitive people can even paint their various shapes. Many floating mosquitoes exist for a long time, do not change all the year round, do not affect vision, and there are no eye lesions after examination. There is not much clinical importance, and there is no need to worry. Some elderly people suddenly have one or two black shadows in front of their eyes without other symptoms, often due to the detachment of the posterior membrane of the vitreous, and generally there is no major harm. However, if a large number of black spots suddenly appear, it should be thought that retinal vascular rupture or retinal tear formation may be a precursor to retinal detachment, and the fundus should be further examined in detail. In choroiditis, many types of cells or exudates can enter the vitreous body, which is also a common cause of pathological floaters, but it is often difficult to detect because of visual impairment. The floating mosquitoes felt by myopia patients are often associated with vitreous liquefaction.

Examine

an examination

Related inspection

Fundus examination

Abnormal flash in front of the eye, check diagnosis of increased black spots:

Pathological floaters have three characteristics: 1 abnormal flash. 2 The number of flying mosquitoes has increased continuously in a short time. 3 line of sight has a feeling of being blocked.

Pathological floaters are generally caused by serious diseases, which are caused by changes in the structure of the omentum, optic nerve, ciliary body and other structures near the vitreous.

Suddenly there are a lot of flying mosquitoes, a lot of flashes, distortions in things, straight lines, and distorted faces. The direction in which mosquitoes fly is uncertain. Black shadows cover the field of vision, poor vision, and visual field defects. It is a sign that must be noted, indicating that the vitreous may be acutely degraded, or that the retina is in danger of being shredded. Look at the ophthalmology to check the retina. If diagnosed, surgery is often required.

Pathological floaters are a manifestation of disease, mostly caused by moderate to high myopia, intraocular hemorrhage, inflammation, etc. In general, these causes can be found by simple examination, and it is necessary to treat the cause to heal. Physiological floaters can't find the cause and no special treatment is needed.

Clinically, the mosquitoes have some "preference" for white-collar workers. Pathological floaters are mainly caused by lens and vitreous lesions. Lens opacity is called cataract. The opacity of the lens is a little turbid when it is first developed. A patch of black shadow appears in front of your eyes. Due to the high density of the crystalline body, the turbidity point rotates in the same direction as the eyeball rotates. That is, it is consistent with the direction of eye movement. The black shadow caused by the turbidity in the vitreous is opposite to the direction in which the eyeball rotates. Pathological floaters can suggest the following diseases:

First, retinal tears and retinal detachment: due to posterior vitreous detachment and other reasons, there may be holes in the retina, and the liquefied vitreous into the hole, resulting in retinal detachment. Therefore, the initial symptom of retinal detachment is a sharp increase in the number of "floaters" in front of the eye. For this pathological floater, if left unchecked, it will lead to blindness. In general, the treatment of retinal tears can use a laser to coagulate the periphery of the hole (laser coagulation) to prevent retinal detachment. This treatment can be treated in an outpatient setting; if retinal detachment has occurred, it must be hospitalized and surgically treated.

Second, vitreous hemorrhage: diabetes, high blood pressure and trauma can cause retinal hemorrhage. At this time, once the blood enters the vitreous, it suddenly feels the symptoms of flying mosquitoes or the feeling of pulling a red curtain in front of the eyes. Due to the amount of bleeding and the location, it can cause varying degrees of visual loss. In this case, if there is less bleeding, it can be self-healing, and it is generally treated with a hemostatic drug and a drug that promotes blood absorption. However, depending on the condition, laser and surgery can also be used.

Third, uveitis: Once bacteria or viruses enter the uvea, inflammation occurs in the eye due to allergic reactions. At this time, white blood cells and exudates will enter the vitreous from the blood vessels, thus producing mosquitoes. symptom. When the inflammation is aggravated, the "float" increases and the vision decreases. Anti-inflammatory internal medicine or eye drops can generally be used for treatment. Once bacteria or viruses enter the uvea, inflammation occurs in the eye due to allergic reactions. At this time, white blood cells and exudates will enter the vitreous from the blood vessels, causing symptoms of flying mosquitoes. When the inflammation is aggravated, the "float" increases and the vision decreases. Anti-inflammatory internal medicine or eye drops can generally be used for treatment.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Abnormal flash in front of the eyes, the identification of increased black spots confusing symptoms:

Physiological floater: A black shadow of one or two points, flying around in front of the eyes, sometimes seen, sometimes not visible. When people are very tired and tired, they will feel that the movement of mosquitoes is particularly obvious. When older people have mosquitoes, they will feel stronger and more obvious than those of middle-aged people.

This type of mosquito is benign, called physiological mosquitoes. Experts believe that about 80% of the mosquitoes are formed by the hydration of vitreous fibers, which is a physiological floater. Physiological floaters do not have the risk of blindness (non-retinal problems). Usually, if there are no major problems, the doctor will advise not to care about it until there is no problem in the later years.