Fundus hemorrhage and exudation

Introduction Fundus hemorrhage is not an independent eye disease, but a feature shared by many eye diseases and certain systemic diseases. Common in retinopathy caused by hypertensive retinopathy, diabetes and kidney disease. Retinal vein inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, optic disc vasculitis, and blood diseases cause retinopathy, ocular traumatic fundus hemorrhage. The same pathological damage, such as retinal hemorrhage, exudation, microangioma, neovascularization, etc., due to various causes. Due to the complicated etiology, the disease has a long course of disease and is prone to repeated attacks, which seriously affects vision and causes many serious complications. Such as macular degeneration (macular cystic edema, macular degeneration), neovascular glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, optic atrophy, proliferative retinopathy, traction retinal detachment, if not timely and effective treatment, often can lead to blindness.

Cause

Causes of fundus hemorrhage and exudation

(1) mechanical obstruction, such as thrombosis;

(2) inflammatory diseases or immune complexes invade the blood vessel wall, such as perivascular retinal inflammation, optic disc vasculitis, etc.;

(3) systemic vascular disease and blood diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and other retinopathy;

(4) Retinal vascular abnormalities, the same pathological damage caused by various causes, such as retinal hemorrhage, exudation, microangioma, neovascularization and the like.

an examination

Related inspection

Ophthalmology examination fundus examination slit lamp applanation tonometer measurement method for eyeball and eyelid ultrasound examination

Examination and diagnosis of fundus hemorrhage and exudation:

(1) Suddenly, the front of the eyes is dark, only manual or only light.

(2) If there is a round black shadow in front of the eyes, it will not float with the eyes. The object in the middle direction will be completely missing, and the objects on both sides will be blurred.

(3) Suddenly, there is a line of black shadows in a certain direction, and the progress is rapid, and gradually increase, and finally, to cover the eyes, the object is blurred and cannot be distinguished.

(4) Suddenly there was a red glow in front of him, and gradually increased, so that the red light was full and the object was unknown.

(5) Aura of onset, most of them have eye swelling, eyeball beating and other feelings.

(6) Most recurrent episodes, each episode, there are some of the above symptoms, even if the blood does not retreat, when continuing to bleed, there may be some of the above feelings.

Because of the causes and locations of fundus hemorrhage, the prognosis and the impact on the patient's vision are also different. According to the amount of bleeding, the bleeding site is different and different symptoms are produced. If the amount of bleeding is small, located in the optic papilla and the periphery of the retina, there may be no obvious symptoms, such as a large amount of bleeding, the patient feels that there is a black shadow floating in front of the eyes, the line of sight is partially or completely blocked, and only the visual acuity of the light is left. If the bleeding is located in the center of the retina (the macular area), the patient's vision is lost, that is, the central area is unclear and has dark shadows, and there is still some vision around.

Differential diagnosis

Symptoms of susceptibility to fundus bleeding and exudation:

The macula was found to have gray discoloration at the fundus: the macula was found to have gray discoloration at the fundus: Austin-type children with cerebral sulfatosis, also known as Austin-type metachromatic leukodystrophy, is a joint disease of cerebral sulphur disease and mucopolysaccharidosis. It is characterized by mild Hurler syndrome, multiple bone dysplasia, severe neurological symptoms and markedly low intelligence. Under the fundus examination, it can be found that the macula is grayish and discolored, and even blind. The disease can be complicated by nystagmus, cerebellar lesions, convulsions, optic atrophy, blindness, skeletal malformation caused by multiple bone dysplasia, and occasionally paralytic paraplegia. The disease can be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, mainly the clinical manifestations of the nervous system, as well as laboratory tests.

Fundus hemorrhage: Not an independent eye disease, but a feature common to many eye diseases and certain systemic diseases. Common in retinopathy caused by hypertensive retinopathy, diabetes and kidney disease. Retinal vein inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, optic disc vasculitis, and blood diseases cause retinopathy, ocular traumatic fundus hemorrhage. The same pathological damage, such as retinal hemorrhage, exudation, microangioma, neovascularization, etc., due to various causes. Due to the complicated etiology, the disease has a long course of disease and is prone to repeated attacks, which seriously affects vision and causes many serious complications. Such as macular degeneration (macular cystic edema, macular degeneration), neovascular glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, optic atrophy, proliferative retinopathy, traction retinal detachment, if not timely and effective treatment, often can lead to blindness.

Fundus changes: It is a change in the fundus caused by a variety of pathogenic factors, causing eye diseases, including optic nerve diseases, congenital abnormalities in the fundus, and fundus vascular diseases.

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