Compression fracture

Introduction According to the shape of the fracture line, the fracture is divided into: fracture fracture, subperiosteal fracture, green branch fracture, tear fracture, transverse fracture, oblique fracture, spiral fracture, comminuted fracture (the fracture piece is broken into three or more, called smash Fractures, invasive fractures, depressed fractures, compression fractures. Compression fracture is a type of fracture.

Cause

There are three main reasons for the occurrence of fractures:

(1) Direct violence: When violence directly affects a part of the bone and causes fracture of the part, it often causes fracture of the injured part, often accompanied by different degrees of soft tissue destruction. If the wheel hits the calf, a fracture of the humerus shaft occurs at the impact.

(2) Indirect violence: Indirect violence causes fractures in the distance through longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion. When the foot falls from a height, the trunk flexes forward rapidly due to gravity, and the thoracolumbar spine junction The vertebral body undergoes a compression fracture (conduction) by the action of a folding force.

(3) Accumulative strain: Long-term, repeated, slight direct or indirect injury can cause a specific part of the limb to fracture, such as long-distance marching to cause the second, third metatarsal and the lower third of the humerus fracture.

an examination

Related inspection

Bone and joint MRI

X-ray examination is of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of fractures:

All patients with suspected fractures should be routinely X-ray film examination, which can be found in clinically difficult to find incomplete fractures, deep fractures, intra-articular fractures and small avulsion fractures, even if they have clinically manifested as obvious fractures. X-ray film examination is also necessary to help understand the type and specific conditions of the fracture, and has guiding significance for treatment.

X-ray films should include positive and lateral positions, and the wells must include adjacent joints, and sometimes x-rays of oblique, tangent or corresponding parts of the contralateral side must be added. After reading the x-rays carefully, you should identify the following points:

(1) The fracture is invasive or pathological.

(2) Whether the fracture is displaced and how to shift.

(3) Whether the fracture alignment is satisfactory to the line and whether it needs to be rectified.

(4) Whether the fracture is fresh or old.

(5) Whether there is damage to the joint or bone injury.

Differential diagnosis

Compressible fracture confusing symptoms

Residual plant fracture: a type of calcaneal fracture, the most common in calcaneal fractures, is easy to occur in middle-aged men. Residual plant fractures: longitudinal (oblique) fractures of the distance and the heel joint.

Abductive fractures: upper limb abduction during fall, palms on the ground, and indirect violent upward conduction leading to fractures. The proximal end of the fracture is adducted and distally abducted, forming a forward or inward angular deformity or a misaligned deformity. More common in clinical practice.

Adduction fractures: often caused by indirect violence. When the palm or elbow touches the ground when falling, the force is transmitted upward along the upper limb, hitting the shoulder, and the body is dumped to the front side, causing an adduction fracture. After the injury, the shoulders were swollen, painful, subcutaneous ecchymosis, and the upper arm was deformed in the internal position and the movement was disordered.

Comminuted fracture: It is a complete fracture. It refers to the fracture of the bone into more than three pieces. It is also called t or y type. The open fracture refers to the fracture of the skin or mucous membrane at the fracture, and the fracture end is connected with the outside. A comminuted fracture of the femur can cause a person to become a scorpion.

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