Peripheral vascular decrease

Introduction The generalized peripheral blood vessels are defined as blood vessels other than the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels, which constitute the largest single "organ system" of the human body. Peripheral vascular reduction is a symptom of peripheral vasoconstriction caused by various factors such as inflammation, tissue damage, and the like. Vascular disease is often caused by the accumulation of fat in the blood vessels of the legs, which causes pain in the legs and affects normal walking. After investigation, it was found that people with high levels of vitamin D in the blood were less likely to have peripheral vascular disease. The results of the survey showed that 64% of people with peripheral vascular disease had low levels of vitamin D.

Cause

Caused by inflammation, tissue damage, and the like. Smoking, cold, dampness, malnutrition and abnormal sex hormones have long been considered to be the main cause of the disease, and smoking is particularly closely related to the onset. In the study of pathogenesis, some scholars have proposed vascular neuromodulation dysfunction, hypercoagulable state and adrenal hyperfunction. Over the past decade or so, immune factors have received attention. Through the observation of humoral immunity, cellular immunity and immunopathology of this disease, many scholars believe that this disease is an autoimmune disease.

an examination

Related inspection

Angiographic vascular ultrasound

The lesion mainly invades the small and medium arteries, and there are many lesions in the veins, but the degree is mild. The lesion artery is narrowed and hardened, and the whole blood vessel is non-suppurative inflammation. Intimal thickening, endothelial cells and fibroblasts proliferate, lymphocytes infiltrate. The middle layer is fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and the outer layer is extensive fibroblast proliferation. The general structure of the vessel wall still exists, and thrombosis occurs in the lumen, occluding the blood vessel. In the later stage of thrombosis, the vascular lumen can be recanalized, but the recanalized small blood vessels cannot compensate for normal blood flow. The lesions are often segmental, and there may be more normal blood vessels between the diseased vessels. In the later stage of the disease, the wall of the blood vessel and the surrounding area are extensively fibrotic, so that the accompanying veins and nerves surround it to form a hard cord. The pathological changes in venous involvement are similar to arteries, but there are more giant cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes around the intimal layer and thrombus. There are more fibroblasts, white blood cells and lymphocytes in the middle layer, and extensive fibrils in the outer layer. Cell proliferation. In addition to the above-mentioned pathological changes in blood vessels, there are still ischemic pathological changes in tissues such as nerves, muscles, and bones.

Differential diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually performed by medical history, physical examination, ultrasonography, and X-ray angiography.

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