Auricular hypoplasia

Introduction Auricle dysplasia generally refers to congenital microtia, which is the first in the process of embryonic development, the second zygomatic arch or the first sulcus is incomplete, and may be accompanied by the eustachian tube caused by the first pharyngeal stenosis. , tympanic or mastoid deformity. The skin around it often has more scar elasticity and looseness. Most of the small ear deformities are small pieces of cartilage that are shrunk without auricle shape, and the shape is normal but shifted upwards and upwards. The earlobe is composed. There is no external auditory canal and tympanic cavity, and the ossicular bone is dysplastic and has hearing impairment.

Cause

Genetic factors are a major factor in the development of both auricles. Congenital and childbirth trauma is also the cause. It is induced by swimming, showering, long-term pus in the middle ear, and inappropriate drugs in the ear. Therefore, the external auditory canal is in a damp state for a long time, and the warm environment makes the fungus easy to grow. In addition, ear injury is also one of the important factors secondary to this disease. Such as local skin often scars, blood supply, elasticity, slack and so on. It is not possible to make a thin subcutaneous peeling, and it is not easy to form a wide and loose cavity that can accommodate the implanted tissue. Therefore, it is often difficult to clearly display the contour shape carved on the stent.

an examination

Related inspection

Ear, nose, throat swab bacterial culture Otolaryngology CT examination

1, the first level: the auricle is smaller than the normal parts can still be distinguished, the external auditory canal is present or partially blocked, the tympanic membrane exists. Hearing is not yet available.

2, level 2: The auricle base is a cable-like protrusion, which is equivalent to the ear wheel, the external auditory canal is locked, and the tympanic membrane and the scapula are not developed. Cone anvil and bone fusion accounted for 1/2. The tibia has been or has not been bred. This is a common clinical type, about twice as large as the first level, and is conductive.

3, level 3: auricle incomplete, only sporadic and regular protrusions. External auditory canal, ossicular chain deformity, inner ear dysfunction, the lowest incidence, accounting for about 2%. Grade 2 and 3 malformations may be associated with maxillofacial hypoplasia called Treocher Collins syndrome, which is characterized by concealed, sacral, maxillary, mandibular, sinus, and nasal. With small ears, external auditory canal atresia and ossicular deformity.

Differential diagnosis

The symptoms of auricle dysplasia need to be differentiated from the following symptoms.

Otitis externa is a foreign ear disease that occurs in summer and is more common in humid and warm climates. China's Yangtze and Pearl River basins are prone to this disease. Most scholars believe that the fungus causing otitis externa is more common in Aspergillus, Penicillium and Candida, and it is induced by swimming, showering, long-term pus in the middle ear, and inappropriate drugs in the ear. Therefore, the external auditory canal is in a damp state for a long time, and the warm environment makes the fungus easy to grow. In addition, ear injury is also one of the important factors secondary to this disease.

Fungal otitis externa can be asymptomatic in the early stage, but generally itchy or itchy and swelled in the ear, with a small amount of watery secretions. If the epithelium and hyphae together form an epidermis due to inflammation, blocking the external auditory canal or covering the surface of the tympanic membrane, hearing loss and tinnitus may occur.

If there is a bacterial infection, it can cause swelling, pain and pus in the external auditory canal. During the examination, it is common to see white, gray, yellow or smoky gray mold in the deep part of the external auditory canal. It is like a film or a fan, and it seems to be moldy. After peeling off the moss film, the skin of the external auditory canal is swollen and swollen, and the surface is slightly erosive or has a small amount of oozing. Place the mold on the glass slide, add a little 10% potassium hydroxide solution, cover and properly warm. If the mycelium or buds are seen under the microscope, the diagnosis can be confirmed.

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