Central line defect of the upper abdominal wall

Introduction Physical examination of children with sternal fissure can be seen in the upper, lower or all of the sternal region with soft tissue fissures and can touch the pulsation of the blood vessels. Cantrell syndrome also shows central line defects in the upper abdominal wall, pericardial defects adjacent to the diaphragm, and various types of cardiac malformations. The sternal fissure is caused by obstacles in the process of mutual healing of the sternum and cord in the embryonic period. It can be clinically manifested as partial or partial absence of the sternum, lack of half-side, and window-shaped defect. More common in sternocleidosis, its location can be seen in the upper thoracic, thoracic or sternal length.

Cause

(1) Causes of the disease

The sternal fissure is caused by obstacles in the process of mutual healing of the sternum and cord in the embryonic period. It can be clinically manifested as partial or partial absence of the sternum, lack of half-side, and window-shaped defect. More common in sternocleidosis, its location can be seen in the upper thoracic, thoracic or sternal length.

(two) pathogenesis

The sternal fissure can be divided into 4 types: 1 incomplete type, seen in the superior and inferior lateral fissures; 2 complete type; 3 complete or incomplete sternal fissure with cardiac dislocation; 4 extensive sternal fissure, namely Cantrell syndrome.

an examination

Related inspection

Chest wall examination chest CT examination

Children often have abnormal breathing, cyanosis, difficulty breathing, and repeated respiratory infections. Physical examination revealed that there were soft tissue fissures in the upper, lower or all of the sternal region and could touch the pulsation of the blood vessels. Cantrell syndrome also shows central line defects in the upper abdominal wall, pericardial defects adjacent to the diaphragm, and various types of cardiac malformations.

According to the clinical manifestations of the child, physical examination revealed a soft tissue fissure in the sternum area to confirm the diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis

Children's thoracic deformation: snoring during sleep makes the airway narrow, respiratory resistance increases, so it will forcefully inhale and pull the thorax. At this time, the child is in the stage of growth and development, and the bones are relatively soft, which may easily lead to deformation of the thorax in the long run.

Infants and young children have a large amount of calcium because of their fast growth rate, and there are fewer outdoor activities, which is prone to calcium deficiency. Calcium deficiency in children can cause rickets.

Thoracic collapse deformity: common in the funnel chest. The signs of the funnel chest, the sternum (especially the root of the xiphoid) and its corresponding 3rd to 6th costal cartilage are inward, causing the front chest wall to resemble a funnel, and the heart is displaced.

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