Ligament sprain

Introduction Ligament sprain refers to the damage of soft tissues (such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, etc.) in the joints or body parts of the extremities without fractures, dislocations, and broken flesh. The main clinical manifestations are painful swelling and joint movement limitation at the injury site, which are mostly caused by the waist, ankle, knee, shoulder, wrist, elbow and hip. People with more body fat and heavy body weight will reduce the degree of muscle development, so the flexibility and durability of the body are correspondingly poor, and it is more likely to cause damage. Especially when resisting the violence that causes trauma, people with heavy weight are at a disadvantage. The ratio of flexor muscle to extensor muscle strength is a very important factor, and in many cases it can cause muscle laceration. Unskilled exercisers are also more susceptible to injury.

Cause

Physical condition

(1) Age: The skeletal development in adolescence is not yet mature, so the resistance to external forces is weak. The developing bone and cartilage are also weak compared to adults. The long diameter growth of the bone is slower than the development of the tendon around the bone, so the damage is likely to occur in the protrusion of the bone and the attachment of the muscle tendon. The joint consists of the bone and the surrounding joint capsule and ligament. When the ligament is violently damaged, the bone and cartilage tend to be damaged first. The flexibility of the spine and joints of older people is reduced, and the strength to maintain stability is reduced. Therefore, sports injuries are not uncommon. The most common injuries in adolescents were fractures, followed by contusion, while the soft tissue blunt trauma in the high age group took the first place, and the fracture accounted for the second place.

(2) Gender: Yellow males have an average body fat content of 13% of body weight, while women have up to 23%. The muscle content of women is relatively less than that of men, so the incidence of motor injury in the knee joint is higher in women than in men. In addition, female hormones are secreted periodically, and if menstrual disorders occur, estrogen secretion is low, which is known to be one of the causes of fatigue fractures.

(3) Physique, skill: People with more body fat and heavy body weight will reduce the degree of muscle development, so the flexibility and durability of the body are correspondingly poor, which is more likely to cause damage, especially when resisting the traumatic violence. Heavy people are at a disadvantage. The ratio of flexor muscle to extensor muscle strength is a very important factor, and in many cases it can cause muscle laceration. Unskilled exercisers are also more susceptible to injury.

(4) Others: In the case of poor physical condition (chronic fatigue, anemia, cold, dysmenorrhea, lack of sleep, etc.), lack of keen judgment of accidents and rapid and accurate protective response may result in sports injuries.

2. Psychological quality

When engaging in a highly aggressive sport (such as football), if the concentration is not concentrated or the concentration is not long, the risk of injury increases. People who are emotionally unstable, irritable, eager to seek success, or hesitant because of fear, panic, or shyness in sports are prone to sports injuries.

(1) Quality factors: Some physical exercisers choose unsuitable sports because they disregard their own conditions, and the incidence of injury increases. For example, if an older person is playing football or trying to use a leapfrog to increase the strength of the waist and leg muscles, knee joint damage will occur. When the flexibility is practiced, excessive passive training of the ligament muscles will cause muscle avulsion. Therefore, physical exercise should be scientific and choose sports suitable for your physical condition.

(2) Quantitative factors: excessive exercise time, excessive exercise, and high exercise frequency can easily lead to overtraining. Overtraining is one of the main causes of sports injuries. Over-training is caused by the heavy load that the exerciser receives, and the body is not fully recovered. The symptoms are: resting heart rate, high blood pressure, poor sleep (insomnia, multiple dreams, easy awakening, etc.), Loss of appetite, weight loss, lack of training desire, irritability, irritability, memory loss, etc. If overtraining is not corrected in time, it will reduce the body's immune function, which increases the incidence of infection and chronic fatigue.

an examination

Related inspection

X-ray lipiodol angiography blood routine knee lateral motion test electromyography

Ligament sprain refers to the damage of soft tissues (such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, etc.) in the joints or body parts of the extremities without fractures, dislocations, and broken flesh. The main clinical manifestations are painful swelling and joint movement limitation at the injury site, which are mostly caused by the waist, ankle, knee, shoulder, wrist, elbow and hip.

A clear diagnosis can be made based on the patient's history of injury and the above clinical manifestations. Local examination should be combined with X-ray examination, and no fracture and dislocation signs were found.

Differential diagnosis

1. Ligament rupture: Generally, because during the activity, the action beyond the range of motion of the joint is made, resulting in passive pulling of the relevant ligament and causing tearing or complete rupture. Ligament ruptures are often accompanied by sprains and fractures.

2. Ligament strain: In vertebrates, the ligament is a cord of connective tissue that connects the bones to each other, in close parallel with the elastic fibers. After the ligament is pulled, local swelling, pain, tenderness, and subcutaneous hemorrhage can be seen in the cyanosis area.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.