Myoclonus

Introduction Myoclonic epilepsy, Lennox syndrome, is an age-related cryptogenic or symptomatic systemic epilepsy syndrome, a type of age-determining epilepsy encephalopathy, also known as a small motor seizure, Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, small episode variants, blinking-nodding-falling episodes, myoclonic erectile dysfunction, and so on. It is characterized by early onset of onset, onset in early childhood, various forms of seizures, difficult treatment, and mental development. Lennox studied and reported the EEG changes of the disease in detail from 1945 to 1960. Later, in 1966, Gastaut further studied the relationship between clinical manifestations and EEG, and considered it to be an independent disease.

Cause

The symptoms can be caused by congenital developmental disorders, metabolic abnormalities, perinatal hypoxia, nervous system infections, or cerebral hypoxia caused by status epilepticus. The pre-natal factors account for 10% to 15%, the perinatal period accounts for 15% to 36%, the postnatal period accounts for 10% to 25%, and the unexplained 30% to 70%. The genetic factors for this disease are still dispute.

an examination

Related inspection

Bemeg induced test muscle tone examination electromyogram

Detailed medical history, understanding of the child's past history and seizure form, combined with the characteristics of EEG changes during awake and sleep, and the emergence of mental decline and personality changes as the disease progresses, can make a diagnosis. According to the form of seizures, and try to achieve a seizure by the treating physician as much as possible, it should be differentiated from other diseases that cause myoclonus, and if necessary, neuroimaging can be performed.

Differential diagnosis

The disease should be differentiated from infantile spasms, missed episodes, and psychomotor epilepsy. Need to be identified with late-onset West syndrome, both have the same cause, there will be mental retardation, and some patients with West syndrome, the disease may be converted to LGS after several years of development. Therefore, the two syndromes are sometimes difficult to distinguish clearly. At this time, special attention should be paid to tracking and monitoring the EEG. When a child with LGS has a fall episode, it needs to be differentiated from myoclonus-triple attack syndrome (Doose syndrome). The latter is characterized by myoclonic, myoclonic tonicity and loss of tone, with no tonic attack, and some patients with this syndrome have a good prognosis.

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