Sacrococcygeal fusion

Introduction The appendix fusion: the axillary and caudal vertebrae merge into one piece. During this process, certain factors affecting development can cause alienation and cause migration of the vertebral body. The appendix fusion is one of the types of transitional spine. The lumbosacral transitional spine itself does not directly produce low back pain, but it is caused by congenital defects that further cause local strain and other problems, and it is aggravated with the increase of strain. Therefore, early detection and early targeted measures are the key to effective treatment.

Cause

(1) Causes of the disease

The cause is unknown.

(two) pathogenesis

The normal spine includes 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 axillary vertebrae, and 4 caudal vertebrae. At the 4th to 7th week of the embryo, the vertebrae began to differentiate. The osteogenesis center, the bone center of the bilateral vertebral arch, and the additional osteogenesis center of the side were at the 10th, 20th, and 30th week of the embryo. Start to appear. Healing of the vertebral body, vertebral arch and lateral part is completed before birth to 8 years old. The vertebral arches on both sides healed at 7 to 15 years of age. At the age of 15 years, a seesaw appears on each of the upper and lower sides of each vertebral body, and an additional osteogenesis center appears on or below the ear surface. At the age of 18, the tarsal plate and the vertebral body began to fuse. At the age of 30, the 5th sacral vertebrae merged into a tibia.

an examination

Related inspection

X-ray examination of mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

X-ray film

X-ray examination can show the transitional vertebral body and classification. In addition, X-ray film can be found with or without bone disease, tumors and other bone diseases, with important differential diagnosis.

2. CT examination

The position, size and shape of the intervertebral disc can be clearly displayed, and the laminar and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, small joint hypertrophy, spinal canal and lateral recess stenosis can be displayed.

3. Magnetic resonance (MRI) examination

MRI can comprehensively observe the lesions of the intervertebral disc, and clearly show the morphology of the intervertebral disc and its relationship with the surrounding tissues such as the dural sac and nerve root through the sagittal images of different levels and the transverse transposition images of the intervertebral disc. It can be identified whether there are other space-occupying lesions in the spinal canal.

4. Other

Electrophysiological examination (electromyography, nerve conduction velocity and evoked potential) can help determine the extent and extent of neurological damage and observe the therapeutic effect. Laboratory tests are mainly used to eliminate some diseases and play a differential diagnosis role.

Differential diagnosis

1, lumbar vertebrae: refers to the fifth lumbar vertebrae all or part of the transformation into the shape of the atlas, making it part of the humeral block. Clinically, the fifth lumbar vertebrae on one side or both sides of the transverse process hypertrophy into a wing and the tibia is a common one, and more with the humerus to form a pseudo joint; and a few for the fifth lumbar vertebral body (with the transverse process) and the tibia Healed into one. Such deformities are more common.

2, thoracic vertebrae: refers to the 12th thoracic vertebrae to lose the ribs and form a lumbar spine-like morphology, such as the fifth lumbar vertebrae without the sacral vertebrae, it still shows the lumbar spine morphology, and has the function of the lumbar spine.

3, atlas vertebral lumbar: the first sacral vertebrae evolved into lumbar spine-like morphology, the incidence is very low, mostly found in the film when accidentally found, generally more asymptomatic.

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