Chronic anemia

Introduction Chronic anemia usually refers to diseases secondary to other systems, such as chronic infections, malignant tumors, liver disease, chronic renal insufficiency and endocrine abnormalities. A group of chronic anemia that directly or indirectly affects hematopoietic tissue. Anemia associated with chronic infections, inflammation, and neoplastic disease is often referred to as chronic anemia (ACD) and is one of the most common clinical syndromes. Anemia associated with chronic infections, inflammation, and neoplastic disease is often referred to as chronic anemia (ACD) and is one of the most common clinical syndromes. The disease is characterized by an increase in the production of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interferon) that mediate immune or inflammatory responses. The whole process of chronic anemia evolution is related to cytokines, including shortened red blood cell life, slow response to erythropoietin (EPO), impaired erythroid colony formation, and iron mobilization barriers in the reticuloendothelial system. Anemia associated with chronic infections, inflammation, and neoplastic disease is often referred to as chronic disease anemia (ACD) and is one of the most common clinical syndromes. The disease is characterized by an increase in the production of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interferon) that mediate immune or inflammatory responses. The whole process of chronic anemia evolution is related to cytokines, including shortened red blood cell life, slow response to erythropoietin (EPO), impaired erythroid colony formation, and iron mobilization barriers in the reticuloendothelial system.

Cause

There are many subacute and chronic infections that produce moderate or severe anemia, and chronic kidney disease, suppurative infections, granulomatous infections, malignant tumors, and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause anemia.

Women can also suffer from chronic hemorrhagic diseases caused by a large number of menstrual cycles caused by the usual endocrine disorders.

For the treatment of different causes, patients with anemia alone, pay attention to the observation of the presence of anemia heart disease, heart failure; accompanied by a complete blood cell reduction, at the same time should pay attention to prevent infection and severe bleeding. Reduce activities and prohibit strenuous activities.

It can be transferred to the hospital if it cannot be clearly diagnosed after examination, or if it has been diagnosed clearly but is not treated for further treatment. For patients with severe anemia with severe cardiac insufficiency or severe thrombocytopenia, the operation should be smooth during transit and oxygen should be given if necessary. Bring the diagnosis and preliminary treatment information to the higher level hospital for reference.

an examination

Related inspection

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blood test

The disease is characterized by an increase in the production of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interferon) that mediate immune or inflammatory responses. The whole process of chronic anemia evolution is related to cytokines, including shortened red blood cell life, slow response to erythropoietin (EPO), impaired erythroid colony formation, and iron mobilization barriers in the reticuloendothelial system. Its red blood cells are usually normal or slightly smaller than normal. Although there is no significant change in bone marrow, the leukocyte series (leucocyticseries) may have hyperplasia, which is mistaken for the relative reduction of some precursor cells of red blood cells. Serum iron concentration is reduced, serum iron binding capacity is lower than normal pregnancy, but not lower than the normal non-pregnancy range. This anemia appears to be caused, in part, by some of the changes in the function of the reticuloendothelial system and the metabolism of iron. The iron released by the patient's aging red blood cells is retained in the red blood cells and cannot be quickly returned to the plasma for the bone marrow to make hemoglobin. The fat given by the therapeutic dose of iron is similar, and the life of red blood cells is usually slightly shorter. Therefore, this anemia is caused by a decrease in red blood cell production and a slight increase in damage.

Differential diagnosis

(1) Anemia caused by chronic infection: Any infection or inflammation that lasts for more than 1-2 months is often accompanied by mild to moderate anemia. The clinical manifestations of anemia are often masked by the symptoms of primary disease. Anemia is generally not serious, mostly positive cell positive pigmentation, but can become a small cell hypopigmentation in severe anemia. If there is no primary disease, the bone marrow is basically normal, and the free protoporphyrin is increased in the bone marrow smear. The above characteristics can be distinguished from iron deficiency anemia.

(2) Anemia caused by malignant tumors: In addition to the symptoms caused by the primary disease, the common condition is progressive anemia, which varies in severity. Laboratory tests are similar to anemia caused by chronic infection. If the bone marrow is infiltrated by the tumor, the cancer cells in the bone marrow can be seen, and the neutrophils and platelets can be reduced. When DIC occurs, embolism, hemorrhage and shock can not be explained by the primary disease. If accompanied by hemolytic anemia, jaundice may occur.

(3) Renal anemia: clinical manifestations in addition to general anemia symptoms and signs, there are symptoms and signs of renal failure. The laboratory examination is positive cell positive anemia, reticulum is not high, red blood cells and platelets are generally normal. The bone marrow is normal. When the renal failure progresses and the urinary nitrogen level rises high, the bone marrow can be in a low proliferative state, and the maturation of the young red blood cells is significantly inhibited.

(4) Liver anemia: The type of anemia is mainly normal cells or mild large cell, and the multi-stained nuclear reticulocyte can be slightly increased. Bone marrow cells often present hyperplasia, mainly large cells - erythrocytosis.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.