Coffee spot

Introduction Coffee-au-lait-spots, also known as coffee milk spots, are light brown patches that are found at birth and have color coffee spots. From light brown to dark brown, but each piece of color is the same and very uniform, the depth is not affected by the sun, the size varies from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters, the boundary is clear, the surface skin texture is completely normal. Observed under the microscope, its performance is very similar to freckles, mainly due to the abnormal increase in the amount of melanin in the epidermis.

Cause

Found at birth.

Cause

Coffee plaques are mostly hereditary skin diseases and have nothing to do with sun exposure. They can be a marker of multi-system diseases such as neurofibromatosis, Albright syndrome, Waston syndrome, Russell-Silver dwarfism, multiple sunspot syndrome. And ataxia telangiectasia and the like.

pathology

Pathological changes have an increase in epidermal melanin, especially in the basal layer. Dop-stained melanocytes and basal layer of keratinocytes have large melanosomes, and basal melanocytes are normal or slightly increased.

an examination

Related inspection

Physical examination of skin diseases

Coffee milk spots are most common in patients with neurofibromatosis. About 70% of patients with neurofibromatosis have coffee milk spots. If there are six coffee milk spots with a diameter larger than 1.5cm, it has important diagnostic reference value. However, most patients with coffee milk spots are not patients with neurofibromatosis. The coffee milk spot is a simple expression of congenital hyperpigmentation of the epidermis. In addition, coffee milk spots can also be seen in tuberous sclerosis and other extraneural nerves. Germ syndrome.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of coffee spots:

1, pigmentation spots: mixed sputum sputum cells and sputum cells nested deep in the epidermis also in the dermis called mixed sputum. Common central bulge highlights the leather surface, long hair, surrounded by diffuse distribution, different color, unclear boundary, is the boundary composition, the junction from childhood to the skin ,, so the elderly are rare mixed . Both mixed sputum and junction sputum may have malignant changes.

2, skin spot-like: skin spots are one of the clinical symptoms of sporadic dysentery. Patients in the neonatal period with or without jaundice continued, difficulty in sucking, constipation, poor breathing, snoring (nasal congestion, thick tongue), hoarseness, weak crying, less movement, bloating and skin spots.

3, skin dark spots: dark spots can be divided into congenital and acquired two kinds.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.