Epidermal keratinization

Introduction Keratinization is an important feature of keratinocytes. Starting from the primary cells, the keratinocytes continue to differentiate, move up, go through the spinous layer, the granular layer, and finally become the horn cells to complete the keratinization process.

Cause

The keratinization process of normal epidermis is divided into two stages, namely the synthesis stage and the degradation stage. In the first phase, keratinocytes produce a series of substances that change with the different stages of keratinization and become markers of cell differentiation. These substances are: keratin filaments, which gradually increase from bottom to top and are dense and intertwined. Transparent keratin particles are the main component of the granule layer. The closer to the stratum corneum, the larger the particles. An horn soft body, or capsular granule, which contains a variety of hydrolases, which act as lysosomes in epidermal horn soft cells, participate in lysis, leading to complete loss of nucleus and collapse of organelles and keratinocytes. Fall off. The second stage is also called the recombination stage or the conversion stage, in which the nuclear and organelle degradation disappears, and the remaining cellular components are dispersed and mixed to form a firm fiber and an amorphous matrix complex, namely keratin, while the cell membrane is thickened. The formation of the stratum corneum is the final point of epidermal keratinization, which consists of keratinocytes and keratinocytes. The occurrence of many skin diseases is associated with abnormalities in the process of skin keratinization, such as ichthyosis, follicular keratosis and psoriasis.

an examination

Related inspection

Skin smear microscopy skin microscopy

See fish scales.

Differential diagnosis

The lamellar ichthyosis is autosomal recessive. After birth, the whole body is covered with a wide layer of human cotton gelatinous membrane, which causes eyelid and lip valgus. After a few days, the film peeled off and the skin showed a wide range of chronic flushing. There were grayish white or taupe polygons or diamond-shaped large scales with central fixation and free edges. Often symmetry occurs in the whole body, with limbs flexing, elbow fossa, national fossa, armpits and vulva. Excessive keratinization of the palms, excessive growth of nails and hair. After the course of the disease is slow, it can survive in the end, and the erythroderma can be alleviated in adulthood, but the scales still exist.

The disease is autosomal recessive.

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