Flatfoot

Introduction The arch is an important structure of the human foot. With the arch of the foot, the foot is elastic. It can absorb the impact force from the ground to the foot, and can lock the midfoot joint to make the foot hard and better promote human activities. Flat feet (flat feet) refer to the absence of a normal arch, or the collapse of the arch. It is worth noting that flat feet are not equal to flat feet, and not all flat feet need treatment. If the flattened person has symptoms such as pain and is called flat foot disease, treatment may be needed. In fact, people with flat feet are very common, and flat feet are not common. Many flat feet, especially children, have no symptoms and no treatment. Only a small number of children may gradually cause changes in the whole body. Some of them may have abnormal bone structure, such as vertical talus and iliac crest. Bone union and so on. In adult flat feet, there are more women over the age of 50. When the adult is flat, the arch of the foot exists in the non-weight-bearing state, and the arch disappears after the weight is applied. At this time, due to the activity of the joint, it is called a resolvable flat foot or a flexible flat foot. If there is joint disease, limited mobility, and the deformity cannot be reset, it is called stiff flat foot.

Cause

Flat feet can be innate or acquired. Children's arches are often formed between the ages of 4 and 6. Most children and adolescents are congenital. Adult flat feet can be a continuation of a child's flat foot, or it may be caused by other causes, resulting in the collapse of the arch. Secondary flat feet in symptomatic adults are called adult acquired flat feet. There are many causes of secondary arch collapse, such as joint degeneration, trauma, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathy, tumor, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.

an examination

At the initial examination, the patient was taken to a standing position, and the force line relationship between the hind foot and the forefoot was examined from the front and back of the ankle. Pay attention to the shape of the longitudinal arch under load. The structure of the foot may appear normal in the sitting position, but it changes significantly after the load is stressed. This is common in patients with excessive relaxation of flat foot deformity, soft toe deformity and excessive relaxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint. From the rear examination, it can be seen that the affected hind foot is generally eversion, and "multi-toe disease" due to abduction of the forefoot. The unilateral or bilateral sputum test was performed when the patient stretched his knee from the rear. If you can't complete the unilateral lifting or lack of posterior symmetry varus activity, it suggests the presence of posterior tendon disease.

The auxiliary examination method is mainly X-ray examination. The X-ray film of the positive side should be taken under the condition of weight bearing, and the angle of the arch of the foot is measured mainly in the lateral position piece.

Differential diagnosis

Flat feet have two major categories: primary and secondary. When diagnosing the primary flat feet caused by ligament relaxation, careful diagnosis should be done carefully, except for the scaphoid deformity, the first metatarsal shortening, the congenital clubfoot complication, and the removal of the nerves. Muscular diseases such as paralytic flat feet caused by polio, and spastic flat feet caused by cerebral palsy. According to the age of onset, detailed medical history and physical examination, X-ray examination, more can make a correct diagnosis.

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