Distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Introduction The distant metastasis rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is between 4.8% and 27%. Distant metastasis is one of the main reasons for the failure of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment. The common metastatic sites are bone, lung, liver and other organs. see. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a higher degree of malignancy, and cervical lymph node metastasis can occur in the early stage.

Cause

The cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis is not clear, and prevention and treatment are much more difficult than the first one.

an examination

Related inspection

Whole body imaging nasal endoscopy

The most common sites of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are bone, lung and liver. Bone metastases are common in the pelvis, spine, and limbs. Clinical observations showed that with the enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, the chance of distant metastasis also increased significantly. The distant metastasis rate was 4.8%~27%, and the autopsy found up to 76%. Bone metastases are often manifested as bone pain, etc., lung metastases show dyspnea, hemoptysis, etc., liver metastasis is pain in the liver area, jaundice and so on. Blood stasis is often the most common symptom of recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Differential diagnosis

Common cancer metastasis: Lymphatic metastasis is the most common form of metastasis in cancer. It refers to the invasion of tumor cells through the lymphatic wall. After shedding, the lymph fluid is taken to the lymph nodes of the confluence area, and the same growth is carried out. The phenomenon of tumors.

Lymph node metastasis usually begins with the first set of lymph nodes closest to the tumor, and then to the distant distance. When the tumor cells infiltrate and grow at each station, they also spread to adjacent lymph nodes in the group. However, there are exceptions. In some patients, it is also feasible to bypass the lymph nodes in the pathway to directly transfer to distant lymph nodes. The mode of clinical transfer is called a jump transfer. These features increase the complexity of tumor metastasis, resulting in clinical lymph node metastasis that is difficult to find the primary lesion. The liver is an organ that is prone to metastasis of various malignant tumors and is one of the most prevalent sites for metastatic cancer. Liver metastasis refers to the non-hepatic primary tumor that can be transferred to the liver via the blood or lymphatic pathway. Common liver metastases are mostly from the digestive tract, lung, pancreas, kidney and breast.

Pulmonary metastasis generally refers to the deterioration of malignant tumors and metastasis to the lungs. The lung is the only place for systemic blood flow, and its abundant capillary bed is a high-efficiency filter, which is a good site for the metastasis of various malignant tumors. 20 to 54% of people who die of malignant tumors have lung metastasis, and 15% of the lungs are the only metastatic site.

The occurrence of lung metastases is generally thought to be that the tumor cells stay in the bifurcation of the small arteries or capillaries of the lungs, adhere to the endothelium of the capillaries to form a clot, and pass through the wall of the tube into the connective tissue outside the blood vessels, and then the cells Hyperplasia, becoming a small tumor, forming metastatic tumors.

Bone metastasis is the transfer of certain primary diseases through the blood. Breast cancer is the cancer most prone to bone metastasis. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the female breast, and it is also one of the most common malignant tumors in women.

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