Cervical hypertrophy

Introduction Cervical hypertrophy is a type of chronic cervicitis. The pathogen infects the inflammatory changes caused by the cervical mucosa. The pathogens causing the disease include mycoplasma, chlamydia, bacteria, and viruses. Simple hypertrophy does not affect pregnancy. Severe cervicitis can cause endometritis, tubal oophoritis, tubal adhesions, and obstruction, leading to infertility. The hypertrophic cervix surface may also have squamous epithelial shedding and columnar epithelial hyperplasia due to injury or inflammatory irritation. When the inflammation is treated, the local congestion and edema of the cervix subsides, and the surface of the cervix is covered again by the squamous epithelium and returns to a smooth shape. Cervical hypertrophy generally does not require treatment, if there is erosion, it can treat cervical erosion.

Cause

Mainly caused by the following two reasons:

(1) Long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, resulting in cervical congestion, edema, and hyperplasia of the cervical glands and stroma.

(2) Mucus retention may occur in the deep part of the cervix gland, resulting in cysts of varying sizes. Sometimes it can be 2 to 4 times larger than the normal cervix. The surface of the cervix can be smooth or erosive. The texture of the cervix is generally hard, which is caused by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue.

an examination

Related inspection

Cervical examination of cervical smear (TCT) cervical mucus examination

1. Cervical hypertrophy in the early stage of the disease, the general symptoms are not obvious, only manifested as menorrhagia, should pay attention to the identification of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, uterine submucosal fibroids, adenomyosis. Regular B-ultrasound examination is required to avoid misdiagnosis.

2. Cervical hypertrophy, often occurs in women around the age of 40, and often has a history of prolificacy. Therefore, for prolific women with vaginal bleeding, we must first consider the diagnosis of the disease; but for older (over 45 years old) or repeated bleeding, long-term treatment, should be diagnosed curettage, pathological examination to exclude the uterus The membrane is malignant.

3. The cervical hypertrophy manifested in this disease is uniform, the surface has no uneven nodules, the probe examination detects no deformation of the uterine cavity, and does not feel the presence of a lump.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of cervical hypertrophy:

1. Various uterine bleeding related to pregnancy: uterine hypertrophy can be seen in vaginal bleeding, but no history of menopause, no early pregnancy reaction; and various uterine bleeding related to pregnancy, such as abortion, hydatidiform mole, etc., have menopause History, and pregnancy test, B-ultrasound examination are helpful for differential diagnosis.

2. dysfunctional uterine bleeding: patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, uterine bleeding more irregular, and more occur in adolescence and menopause, the uterus does not increase or only slightly increased; uterine hypertrophy occurs mostly in childbearing age and more In women, bleeding is more than a large amount and the cycle is normal or shortened, and the uterus is enlarged, which is large in duck eggs or even large in goose eggs.

3. Uterine fibroids: Uterine hypertrophy is easily confused with small interstitial fibroids or intrauterine submucosal fibroids. This disease is also manifested as uterus enlargement, menorrhagia, but double-diagnosis can be found that the uterus is hard or uneven. The diagnosis can be confirmed by B-ultrasound examination.

4. Adenomyosis: It also shows an increase in uterus consistency, generally no more than 3 months of pregnancy size, accompanied by dysmenorrhea or menstrual disorders, the uterus before the menstrual period is slightly larger than usual, also slightly soft, after menstruation Then return to the usual size.

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