Abdominal paradoxical breathing

Introduction Abnormal respiratory exercise is a pathological respiratory exercise. It is caused by multiple rib fractures in the chest after chest trauma and softening of the chest. The normal person lifts the chest when inhaling and lowers the chest wall when exhaling. Abnormal respiratory movement is just the opposite. When the patient feels that the air is insufficient, the breathing is laborious, objectively, the patient has strong breathing, the respiratory muscles and the auxiliary respiratory muscles all participate in the respiratory movement, the ventilation increases, the respiratory rate, the depth and the rhythm change, and the inhalation When the chest is lowered, the chest wall is raised when exhaling.

Cause

Causes of abnormal breathing

1, upper respiratory tract disease: abscess of the posterior pharyngeal wall, tonsil enlargement, laryngeal foreign body, laryngeal edema, laryngeal cancer.

2, bronchial diseases: bronchitis, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchial foreign body and tumors caused by stenosis and obstruction.

3, lung disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) various types of pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary congestion, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary cysts, pulmonary infarction, lung cancer, sarcoidosis, diffuse sound fibrosis, acute Respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the like.

4, pleural disease: spontaneous pneumothorax, a large number of pleural effusion, severe pleural adhesion thickening, pleural stromal tumors.

5, pleural disease: thoracic deformity, chest wall inflammation, tuberculosis, trauma, rib fracture, rheumatoid spondylitis, chest wall respiratory muscle paralysis, scleroderma, myasthenia gravis, obesity and so on.

6, mediastinal disease: mediastinal inflammation, emphysema, hernia, aortic aneurysm, lymphoma, teratoma, intrathoracic thyroid tumor, thymoma.

an examination

Related inspection

Abdominal shape examination, respiratory exercise examination, electrocardiogram

1, respiratory rate: breathing more than 24 times per minute, light breathing rate is faster, seen in respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, anemia, fever and so on. Less than 10 times per minute is called respiratory rate slowdown, which is the manifestation of respiratory central inhibition. It is seen in anesthesia, hypnotic poisoning, increased intracranial pressure, uremia, hepatic coma and so on.

2, breathing depth: deepening of breathing is seen in diabetes and uremia acidosis, deep and slow breathing is called Kusi hair breathing, breathing is seen in emphysema, respiratory muscle paralysis and sedative excess.

3, respiratory rhythm: tidal breathing or Chen-spiring, after a period of apnea, followed by a series of tidal volume increased ventilation, the rate is accelerated, there is shortness of breath, then the depth and rate of breathing rapidly decrease, and Entering an apnea, repeating the circulation regularly, this is a manifestation of decreased excitability in the respiratory center, indicating a serious condition, seen in central nervous system diseases and brain blood circulation disorders such as cerebral arteriosclerosis, heart failure, increased intracranial pressure, Uremic, diabetic coma and mountain sickness. Biot's apnea, changeable period, is an irregular rhythm of breathing, seen in encephalitis, meningitis, the Department of the Department, brain damage and so on.

4, age and gender: children with dyspnea, attention to respiratory foreign bodies, congenital diseases, acute infections, etc.; more common pleural lesions, tuberculosis, rheumatic valvular disease in young adults; elderly are mostly coronary heart disease, tumor, emphysema, etc. Sexual breathing difficulties are more common in young women.

Differential diagnosis

Identification

Lift your shoulders to help your breath: shoulders: name. Shoulder to help the breath. More common in people with severe breathing difficulties. "Su Wen? General comments on the truth of the truth": "Whee and shoulders, the pulse is big, slow, then, and then die." This card can also be seen when the asthma attack. Difficulty breathing can occur when asthma patients or other causes of hypoxia.

Difficulties in inhalation: Inspiratory difficulty is an important symptom of respiratory insufficiency. It is subjectively characterized by insufficient air or difficulty in breathing; and objectively manifested as changes in respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm. The main manifestation is that the inspiratory exercise is strengthened, the inhalation is deep and laborious, and the heavy ones lean back when inhaling.

Slow breathing: a symptom manifested by severe respiratory failure. Difficulty breathing, three concave signs are obvious or not obvious, breathing changes from shallow to slow, rhythm disorder, often jaw breathing and apnea, respiratory sounds are reduced, lips cyanosis is aggravated, limbs are cyanotic, cold, lethargic or coma, Even horrified. In severe cases, cerebral edema (conjunctival edema or optic nerve head edema), cerebral palsy (different sizes on both sides of the pupil) may occur.

Supine breathing: pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy can cause poor supine breathing. Pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, also known as adenoid hypertrophy (adenoid vegetation). The disease is a pathological hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, often arising from pharyngeal infections and repeated inflammatory irritation. It is more common in cold, humid and climate-changing areas. Childhood acute infectious diseases, malnutrition and physical factors can also be induced. Although the disease is a childhood disease, it has a profound impact on the normal development and health of the body.

diagnosis

Abdominal abnormal breathing: In the chest, when inhaling, the negative pressure in the chest increases, and the softened part of the chest wall is inwardly depressed. When exhaling, the pressure in the chest cavity increases, and the damaged chest wall floats, which is opposite to the movement of other chest walls.

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