Pulmonary murmur

Introduction Pulmonary murmurs are classified into systolic murmurs and diastolic murmurs. Pulmonary artery murmurs generally indicate pulmonary artery malformation or pulmonary regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation and other factors. A local anatomical abnormality caused by the formation of the heart and large blood vessels, or a heart that should be closed automatically after birth (in the normal fetal state), is called congenital heart disease. Except for some small compartmental septal defects, there is a chance of self-healing before the age of 5, and most require surgery. Clinically, cardiac dysfunction, purpura and dysplasia are the main manifestations.

Cause

Pulmonary artery malformation is caused by factors such as pulmonary regurgitation and pulmonary regurgitation.

an examination

Related inspection

Pulmonary ventilation imaging, pulmonary perfusion imaging, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)

Ultrasound diagnosis. Ultrasound (US inspection) is the use of the human body to observe the reflection of ultrasound. The ultrasonic examination, generally referred to as US, is performed by irradiating a weak ultrasonic wave onto the body to image the echo of the tissue.

Differential diagnosis

Pulmonary murmurs are distinguished from the following symptoms:

1, the pulmonary valve area can hear the jet sound: refers to the stenosis of the outlet of the pulmonary artery, causing obstruction of right ventricle, including pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular funnel stenosis and pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery trunk and branch stenosis, the disease is first It is more common in heart disease, and the incidence rate of males and females is similar. Severe stenosis, poor development. The anterior region of the heart is bulged, and the heart sounds are enlarged. The second rib of the left sternum has a grade 4-5 rough systolic murmur. Kneeling to the left, under the collarbone and at the back of the left shoulder. The narrow murmur of the funnel is the loudest, the part is low, the miscellaneous sound is related to the degree of stenosis, accompanied by fine tremor during systole. The second sound of the pulmonary valve is weakened or disappeared. In patients with mild to moderate stenosis, systolic jet sounds can be heard in the pulmonary valve area.

2, pulmonary stenosis murmur: long-term pulmonary stenosis will cause the main pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery to expand significantly, when the blood from the right ventricle to spray the human expansion of the pulmonary artery, it will produce turbulence and oscillation, thus forming a noise. The murmur is typical of systolic murmur, rough, strong hair is above 3/6, often accompanied by tremor and P2 weakened.

3, pulmonary artery stenosis: refers to the channel between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, due to congenital malformation caused by stenosis, and the ventricular septum is complete. This is one of the common congenital cardiovascular diseases. Common types of stenosis are stenosis, stenosis of the funnel, and narrowing of the pulmonary artery. They may each exist separately or together. The symptoms and development of the disease are related to the degree of stenosis. Mild stenosis can be asymptomatic. Symptoms of severe stenosis appear early, and purpura and heart failure gradually develop. The curative effect of this disease is exact and the cure rate is high. Most patients with poor efficacy or death are those who are not treated promptly, are critically ill or have other cardiac malformations. Ultrasound diagnosis.

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