Ruptured eardrum

Introduction The tympanic membrane is a piece of film with certain toughness. It is located in the deep part of the external auditory canal and is an important part of the human body's sound transmission system. The tympanic membrane is susceptible to rupture by direct or indirect impact. Once the tympanic membrane ruptured, the ear suddenly felt severe pain, followed by tinnitus and deafness. A small amount of blood flowed out of the external auditory canal, accompanied by dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. When the otoscope is examined, blood is visible in the external auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane has irregular perforations. Patients suspected of rupture of the tympanic membrane should be sent to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

Cause

Direct damage is more common in the ears or when taking foreign objects. The tweezers, hairpins or matchsticks are inserted into the external auditory canal so deep that the tympanic membrane is pierced. Indirect impact is more common when the sound waves in the blasting break the tympanic membrane, and the tympanic membrane can be broken due to sudden fall when diving, boxing ears or skating. When the head injury causes a skull base fracture, the tympanic membrane can also be injured to rupture.

an examination

Related inspection

Otolaryngology CT examination of the tympanic membrane

1. Pure tone hearing threshold examination: pure tone hearing threshold is the basis for monitoring the progress of otological diseases, evaluating the curative effect, selecting prevention and treatment - rehabilitation measures, evaluation of disability, and forensic identification. The use of standard audiometers for hearing tests is a widely accepted and widely accepted method of examination that accurately reflects the sensitivity of hearing. Through this check, the patient's sensitivity to sound can be detected. Ear endoscope

2, ear endoscopy: endoscope is an optical instrument, sent from outside the ear canal, examination of the eardrum tympanic membrane disease, you can directly observe the ear canal, tympanic membrane depression, perforation, etc., determine its location, The range, and can be photographed, biopsied or brushed, greatly improving the diagnostic accuracy of conductive deafness, and can check the corrosion of the hearing aid horn.

3. Check the function of the eustachian tube: The eustachian tube is a tube that communicates the tympanic cavity and the nasopharynx. Its function is closely related to the physiological function of the middle ear, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of middle ear disease. There are usually 3 ways:

1Pressing the nasal air (Valsalva) method: After the patient inhales, pinch the nostrils on both sides with your fingers, close the mouth, and forcefully exhale from the nose, so that the pharyngeal air can be flushed into the eustachian tube.

2 balloon stripping (Politzer) method: the patient's mouth contains water, the olive head with the eustachian tube blowing the ball is inserted into the pupil of one side of the patient, and the other nostril is pressed by the finger, and the sphere is pressed while the water is swallowed. Air can be flushed into the Eustachian tube.

3 catheter blowing method: the patient takes a seat, cleans the nasal secretions, and then inserts the eustachian tube elbow down the bottom of the nose, and reaches the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, then turns to the outside 90°, then pulls forward slightly. The catheter is slid over the bulge and slid into the mouth of the eustachian tube. The catheter is fixed, and the air is injected through the catheter with a blown ball. At the same time, the ear can be heard by the ear to check whether the eustachian tube is patency or not.

Differential diagnosis

Diagnosis of rupture of the eardrum:

The tympanic membrane is a piece of film with certain toughness. It is located in the deep part of the external auditory canal and is an important part of the human body's sound transmission system. The tympanic membrane is susceptible to rupture by direct or indirect impact. Direct damage is more common in the ears or when taking foreign objects. The tweezers, hairpins or matchsticks are inserted into the external auditory canal so deep that the tympanic membrane is pierced. Indirect impact is more common when the sound waves in the blasting break the tympanic membrane; the tympanic membrane can also be broken due to sudden falls during diving, boxing ears or skating. When the head injury causes a skull base fracture, the tympanic membrane can also be injured to rupture. Once the tympanic membrane ruptured, the ear suddenly felt severe pain, followed by tinnitus and deafness. A small amount of blood flowed out of the external auditory canal, accompanied by dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. When the otoscope is examined, blood is visible in the external auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane has irregular perforations.

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