Carbon Disulfide Poisoning

Introduction to carbon disulfide poisoning Carbon disulfide poisoning refers to central nervous system damage caused by inhalation of high concentration of carbon disulfide vapor due to production accidents in production. In severe cases, coma, convulsions, and even death from respiratory failure occur. Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a chemical solvent widely used in industry, and is also used in viscose fiber, carbon tetrachloride, and pesticide production. It is a colorless, volatile liquid. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.0001% - 0.0005% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coma

Causes of carbon disulfide poisoning

Causes:

Industrial production of carbon disulfide: common in the drawing workshop of chemical fiber plant using viscose disulfide to make viscose fiber, and in the production of cellophane, thiocyanate and other chemical production. Since carbon disulfide has strong corrosive effects on metals, wood and rubber, the production equipment and pipelines are highly susceptible to corrosion and accidents such as running, dripping, leaking or sudden rupture, resulting in acute poisoning.

Unprotected use of carbon disulfide: in the wool processing industry where disulfide carbon is used for wool degreasing, the dry cleaning industry used as a stain remover for clothes, and as a fumigant for seed disinfection and pest control, granary, or Due to neglect of the protective medical education network, in the poor ventilation environment, the operation of too long and inhaled a large amount of high concentration of carbon disulfide gas, causing acute poisoning.

Production process of carbon disulfide: In the process of producing sulfur disulfide by using sulfur vapour into a burning charcoal fire, such as simple equipment or inadequate protection measures, acute poisoning may occur due to inhalation of a large amount of concentrated carbon disulfide vapor.

Carbon disulfide enters the human body through the respiratory tract and can also be absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. After entering the body, 10 to 30% is still excreted through the lungs, and 70% to 90% is excreted from the urine by metabolism. The mechanism of CS2 poisoning has not yet been elucidated. Kind of possible:

1. The CS2 metabolite dithiocarbamate binds to vitamin B6, resulting in inhibition of some enzymes such as transaminase with pyridoxal as a coenzyme.

2, dithiocarbamate complexes with trace elements, such as zinc and cytochrome oxidase in some dehydrogenase, dopamine -hydroxylase complexed with copper, the enzyme inactivates, interference energy and catecholamine metabolism , damage to the nervous system, especially the extrapyramidal system.

3. CS2 inhibits monoamine oxidase activity and causes serotonin accumulation in the brain, which may be related to toxic psychosis.

4, CS2 inhibits the activity of lipoproteinase and lipid scavenging factor in plasma, resulting in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism disorders, -lipoprotein can penetrate into the arterial wall, leading to glassy changes, arteriosclerosis.

Carbon disulfide poisoning prevention

The maximum allowable concentration of CS2 in the air in the workshops in China is lOmg/m3. Some research results suggest that this sanitation standard needs to be revised to ensure the health of the operators. CS2 operators should be given regular medical examinations and post-employment schedules. Physical examination, including internal medicine, neurology and ophthalmology examination, if necessary, neuroelectromyography, blood lipids, electrocardiogram, etc., with organic neurological diseases, various mental illness, retinopathy, coronary heart disease or diabetes, should not engage in CS2 operation.

Carbon disulfide poisoning complications Complications

Severe cerebral edema, excitement, paralysis, coma, death due to paralysis of the respiratory center, individual left central and peripheral nerve damage, chronic poisoning mainly damage the nerve and cardiovascular system. On the other hand, there are nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, followed by lethargy, coma, shortness of breath, blood pressure drop, and even death. There are abnormalities such as respiratory system, circulatory system, and digestion of the stomach.

Symptoms of carbon disulfide poisoning Common symptoms Sensory disorder Reflex disappears nausea and vomiting gait instability shallow sensation loss or loss of peripheral nerve damage polyneuritis coma

Acute poisoning is anesthetic-like, more common in production accidents, light drunkenness, gait instability and mental symptoms, and abnormal sensation, severe cerebral edema, excitement, paralysis, coma, death due to paralysis of the respiratory center, Individuals may have central and peripheral nerve damage. Chronic poisoning mainly damages the nervous and cardiovascular system. Early neurological symptoms are psychiatric symptoms, followed by polyneuritis, cranial neuropathy, severe vertebral damage, and mental symptoms. Different, lighter for emotions, personality changes, severe cases of manic depressive psychosis, multiple neuritis early in the glove, sock-type, along the sputum, feet, ischial and external sacral nerve pain, after the interosseous muscle and fish Muscle atrophy, even gait instability, Achilles tendon reflexes disappear, such as basal damage can occur tremor paralysis syndrome, cardiovascular system can have brain, retina, kidney and coronary artery similar to atherosclerosis, blood cholesterol can be increased .

Carbon disulfide poisoning inspection

Determination of diuretic (2-thioxohydrothiazolyl) and serum N-acetylneuraminic acid, which can be used as indicators of CS ₂ exposure and diagnosis of poisoning, EEG examination, electromyography to measure nerve conduction Speed and fluorescent fundus photography can reflect early changes in central and peripheral nervous system damage and hardening of the arteries. Check blood routine, urine routine, cardiopulmonary function, heart B ultrasound, liver and kidney function.

Diagnosis and identification of carbon disulfide poisoning

Identification

Diagnosis can be based on the cause and symptoms.

Differential diagnosis

Acute poisoning needs to be differentiated from central nervous system infection, metabolic disorder, cerebrovascular accident, brain trauma, or mental illness. The diagnosis of mild chronic poisoning needs to exclude psychosocial factors and other physical diseases including cerebral arteriosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, adrenal gland. Cortical dysfunction, hypertension, coronary heart disease, anemia, refractive error, paranasal sinusitis, chronic hepatitis, etc., as well as some neurosis caused by early mental illness, severe chronic poisoning should be associated with degenerative diseases, blood vessels Identification of sexual dementia, the main point of identification is to investigate the history of toxic exposure in detail, as well as comprehensive and careful physical examination and necessary laboratory tests.

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