Autism Spectrum Disorder

Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, AutismSpectrumDisorder) is a broad definition of autism based on the core symptoms of typical autism, including typical autism, atypical autism, and Aspen. Syndrome, edge of autism, suspected autism and other symptoms. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: more common in children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: autism

Cause of autism spectrum disorder

The extensive developmental disorders exhibited by autistic patients are mainly caused by factors of brain biology; the causes of brain biological changes can be analyzed from several aspects such as medical biology, neuropsychology and ecology. Chinese medicine has discussed this from the perspective of dialectical, and thus established the basis of Chinese medicine massage for children with autism.

Autism spectrum disorder prevention

prevention

Children with autism should start from the gestation period, because brain damage caused by many factors such as pregnancy and perinatal period is closely related to the incidence of autism in children. The key point of prevention is to strengthen perinatal health care, actively carry out prenatal and postnatal care, and virus infection during pregnancy. Threatened abortion, asphyxia at birth, and cesarean section all have an effect on young children. Viral infection during pregnancy, especially in the first 3 months of pregnancy, can lead to abnormal brain development and childhood autism, such as rubella virus, herpes simplex virus. Influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, etc. can damage the central nervous system of children and cause disease. Therefore, pregnant women should pay attention not to get infected with the virus during pregnancy, especially in the early stage of pregnancy. In case of dystocia during childbirth, infants and young children should be avoided as much as possible to avoid suffocation. Cause brain damage, also pay attention to avoid high fever convulsions in early babies, and multiple high fever convulsions can also cause brain damage.

Babies should be breast-fed as much as possible, because breast milk is rich in alkaline minerals, which is good for children's intellectual development. Larger children should eat less sugar, eat more vegetables, fruits, miscellaneous grains and other "alkaline foods", pay attention to The "acid-base balance" of the diet is beneficial to the relative stability of the PH value in the body, so that various metabolic functions are coordinated, thereby maintaining a good state of mind and body.

Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and treat children's autism. Children should be allowed to participate in various exercises and participate in group activities. Do not let children have a "closed" life for a long time, so as to avoid a lonely personality and a child's life. If you have a child-like autism, you should consult a doctor in time, properly manage it, and conduct induction training.

When you understand your child's tendency to do this, the sooner parents discover that the sooner they are treated, the better they will be, because if they do not receive special education in a timely manner, they will become lifelong disability if they can With reasonable education and training, most children will have different degrees of improvement. Some children may have the ability to live independently, study and work.

Autism spectrum disorder complications Complications autism

1. Hyperactivity and distraction behavior are more obvious in most autistic patients. In addition, temper, attack, self-injury and other behaviors are also easier to see, and may also have mental retardation, in addition to epilepsy, tuberous sclerosis, Phenylketonuria fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome with autism is also more common.

2. If the IQ of children with autism is below 60, the language communication is still poor at the age of 5, and the prognosis is poor, which may lead to permanent disability.

3. About 1/5 of children with autism have seizures until puberty.

4, children with autism generally have a longer course of disease, medication treatment is longer, parents should pay attention to the side effects of drugs during treatment, such as extrapyramidal reaction, liver function and cardiovascular and blood abnormalities.

Autism spectrum disorder symptoms common symptoms speech disorder mild mental retardation

The main symptoms are:

1. Social communication barriers: Generally speaking, there is a lack of communication or communication skills with others, and lack of a secure attachment relationship with parents;

2, language communication barriers: language development is backward, or language backwards after normal language development, or language lacks communication nature;

3, repeated stereotypes: Atypical autism is not all defects in the above three aspects, only one or two of them.

Autism spectrum disorder, in addition to the performance of core symptoms, there are some peripheral symptoms, such as the digestive system, immune system, sensory system and other aspects, these problems interfere with human sensory, resulting in autism patients All sorts of weird behavior. They often have paresthesias, manifested as dullness, fear or preference for certain sounds or images; constipation, frequent urination or urinary control, indigestion and nutritional deviation, skin prone to eczema, susceptibility to colds, sleep disorders, etc.; Common behaviors include hyperactivity, distraction, tantrums, attacks, and self-injury.

Autism spectrum disorder examination

1. Autism Rating Scale (CARS)

It is used by professionals to evaluate children. The scale has a total of 15 items. Each item is divided into seven levels of 1-4 every 0.5, 1 is normal, 4 is the most serious, and the total is calculated. The total score of CARS is 29.5, and the total score of CARS is 30-36.5 for mild-to-moderate autism; the total score of CARS is 37 for severe autism.

2, EEG or brain topographic map

The abnormal rate of EEG examination is between 10% and 83%. Because the interpretation standard of the general EEG is different from that of the selected samples, there is a big difference. In general, the more leads, the higher the abnormal rate. Those with abnormal EEG are generally those with lower IQ, and the more obvious the impairment of IQ, the higher the probability of EEG abnormalities and epilepsy. However, about 20%-40% of children have epilepsy before puberty, and there may be no abnormalities in EEG.

3, CT and MRI

The results of MRI showed that the total brainstem area and total pons area of children with partial autism were smaller than those of children of the same age. The median sagittal area of cerebellum VI and VII sacral leaves was 19% smaller than that of the normal control group. It suggests that cerebellar dysplasia is possible with some autism.

4, SPECT single photon emission computed tomography

SPECT can detect cerebral blood flow. SPECT examination of children with autism found that cerebral blood perfusion was abnormal, with a positive rate of 75%. Mainly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and subcortical structures, concentrated in the cortex, temporal lobe, the left frontal lobe is most common. At the same time, the hippocampus returned to local blood perfusion.

5, brainstem auditory evoked potential

The brainstem auditory evoked potentials of children with autism are abnormal. There are abnormal reports from I---V waves, and the abnormal rate is as high as 20%--60%. It shows that children with autism have hearing defects and brainstem conduction time prolonged, suggesting that brain stem function changes may be one of the causes of autism symptoms. Disorders of brainstem function can lead to damage to the pathways transmitted to the brain, which may be one of the reasons for the abnormal development of cognitive, social and linguistic abilities in children with autism.

6, other inspections

Choose to do chromosome analysis, intelligence tests, etc. as needed.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

It can be diagnosed based on clinical history and laboratory tests.

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